GEOCrtAPIIICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE GADIDyE. 551 



of GieeiiliiiKl, noar Icelaud only iu the southwest, but very frequently 

 in tlie B;iy of Reickiavickj also from Finniarken, along tlie coast of 

 Sweden and Norway, as far as Bobusliin, near Denmark and England. 



Fishing. — In September this species, witbout being mixed with the 

 Gadus mon-hua, is caught near Iceland in vast numbers ; it is distin- 

 guished by its small size and reddish color. Near Greenland and Den- 

 mark it is very common in winter, 



Gadus minutus, L., the southern dwarf codfish, is very common in deep 

 waters, and generally near the bottom at a depth of 1,000 feet. It is 

 not found north of the GOth degree north latitude, but is found from 

 the Baltic and German Ocean as far south as the Mediterranean, in the 

 west on the eastern coast of North America, on the bank, near Boston 

 and New York ; but also on the western coast of North America, near 

 Mount St. Elias. It is also called "Kagelin," and is used as bait in 

 catching codfish. It is found at a depth of 96 feet,!^ miles east-southeast 

 of Lowestoft.* 



Molva vulgaris, Flem., is found iu the north between the 77th and 35th 

 degrees northern latitude, from Spitzbergen to the Mediterranean, espe- 

 cially on the northern coasts of Euroi)e as far as Iceland. The German 

 Ocean, however, and the coasts of Norway seem to be his proper home, 

 for here it is very common as far as Fiumarken. On the coasts of Ice- 

 land it is found everywhere ; it is rare in the north of Iceland, although 

 it has been found as far as Grimso ; toward the west it gets more fre- 

 quent, less so on the south coast. It is not very common, either, on the 

 coasts of Greenland and the Faroe Islands, and it is not found iu the 

 Kattegat and the Baltic, while it occurs near the Bank of Newfoundland. 

 It generally keeps near the bottom, and loves deep water more than 

 common codfish ; it is found on sandy and rocky bottom, at a depth of 

 about GOO feet. 



Fishing. — They are chiefly caught between Trondlijem and Bergen. 

 Tbe latter city alone furnishes about a million pounds every year. Next 

 to the codfish and the herring it is the most common fish iu the market. 

 In Denmark it is caught by the fishermen on the west coast of Jutland 

 as far as Heligoland. Large numbers are also caught near the western 

 British Islands, the Orkney Islands, on the coast of Yorkshire, Cornwall, 

 near the Scilly Islands, and nearly along the whole coast of Ireland. 

 Near Iceland it is chiefly caught near Westjokul. 



Brosmius vulgaris, Flem., or the small-headed cod, is chiefly found in 

 the north, and on the European coasts it is not found much farther south 

 than the GOth degree northern latitude, and not much farther north than 

 the 70th degree. Large numbers are found on the coasts of Norway as 

 far as Fiumarken, on the west and south coasts of Iceland, and near the 

 Faroe Islands, the Shetland and Orkney Islands, and the Frith of Forth ; 

 it is only found near the most northern point of Denmark, where it is 

 occasionally cau,^ht near Skagen, in Jutland. It is not caaght on the 

 southern coasts of Denmark. It seldom occurs near the north and east 

 * The writer has confused several species under the name Gadus minutus. 



