GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE GADID^. 555 



ensis Kaup. is, strange to say, found near Montevideo, on the east coast 

 of South America. The cool, fresh water of the La Plata liiver may 

 be the cause. 



h. The following are Pacific varieties: Gadus chalcoQram'imin P. is 

 found near Kamtschatka, in the Behring Sea, and the Sea of Ochotsk. 

 0. macrocephalus Til. is very common in the sea near Kamtschatka and 

 America, and ascends rivers. In May and September it is common in 

 the Bay of Avatscha. Motella pacifica 8chleg. and LoUlla yhijcis G. are 

 common near Japan as far as the coast of North China, near Tsehusa. 

 As an intermediate variety between these two genera and the two fol- 

 lowing, we must mention a tropical genus found in the Pacific and 

 Indian Oceans, viz : Bregmaceros Macclellandii Thomps. on the coast of 

 the Philip[)ine Islands, South China, and near the mouth of the Ganges. 

 It is probable that the cool and fresh glacier water of the Brahmapootra 

 and the rich vegetable food have enticed this genus so far east. Lotella 

 rhacinvs (?., hacchus G., and Pseudophycis hreviusciihts G. are found in 

 the south temperate zone near New Zealand and in Queen Charlotte 

 Sound. Gadus californicns G. and Gadus prodiicius 6^. are found on the 

 coast of California as far south as San Francisco. Then we find no 

 more fish of this kind till we reach the south temperate zone, where 

 Merlucius Gayi Guich. is found on the coast of Chili. 



G.— FISHEPJES AND TEADE. 



a. Norway. — We will only give the results of the last 5 to G j'ears. In 

 1871 the codfisheries in Sondmore were very extensive. Up to March 

 19, 4,000,000 fish had been caught, valued at §336,000. The spring cod- 

 fisheries near the Loffoden Islands produced in 1870, 18,000,000 fish; in 

 1871, 16,500,000 ; in 1872, 17,500,000, and in 1873, 19,500,000 ; 50,000 

 tons, or at least 25,000 tons oil ; 18,000 tons roe, or 2,000,000 fish more 

 than in the preceding year, and about 500,000 more than the average 

 yield of the last 14 years. The total value of the products of these 

 fisheries stands probably alone in the history of the spring fisheries^ 

 and was $1,901,000 against $1,411,200 in 1872, and the average of 

 $1,400,000 during the years 1859-'72. Of this sum the fishermen of 

 Marstrand received $24,640, and the fishermen of Bohusliin, $61,600. 

 In 1873 the Marstrand fishermen only received $24,366.72. In 1874 the 

 codfisheries near the Loffoden Islands were not successful — only 

 15,000,000 fish having been caught — while in 1875 the unusual number 

 of 23,000,000 were caught. The codfisheries near Einmarken were also 

 successful, yielding 20,000,000 — the greater portion of which were caught 

 on the coast of East Einmarken ; prices were very low, however. Near 

 Sondmore, Eomdalen, and Nordmore, more codfish were caught than in 

 an average year, viz, about 6,500,000. The Norwegian codfisheries have, 

 therefore, in the year 1875, yielded a total of 50,000,000 fish, or seven 

 to eiglit million more than an average year. 



