752 REPORT OF COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND FISHERIES. 



very imperfect, and remained so for a long time till the West Hanover 

 railroad was opened in 1856. In the year 1819 a tax of 72 cents was 

 laid on every 100 pounds of foreign herring, in order to encourage the 

 domestic fisheries. It is possible that the results did not satisfy the 

 Hanover government, or perhaps English influence was at work, or the 

 premium of $216 each for 54 vessels, amounting to a total of $11,664, be- 

 came burdensome to the Hanover state treasury. At any rate, the Em- 

 den people were informed that in future they could only expect an annual 

 premium of $144 per vessel. Emden remonstrated against this measure, 

 saying that her fishermen could no longer compete with Holland, where 

 an annual premium of $210 was given per vessel. It was finally 

 resolved that the Emden people must be satisfied with a total premium 

 of $6,480. As this sum, at the rate of $216 per vessel, would only fur- 

 nish premiums for about 30 vessels, one of the fishing associations, with 

 24 " buisen," emigrated to Eukhuizen, in Holland, in order to get the 

 Dutch premium, while 28 " buisen " and 2 clippers remained in Emden 

 in order to enjoy the former premium in full. In 1856, the number 

 of " buisen " had dwindled down to six. The number of clippers was 

 at first two, afterward three, and in 1828 even four, but after 1834 

 only one. The best results were obtained : 



1841. — 13 " buisen," with an average of 28 J barrels herring and cod 

 per vessel. 



1837. — 15 "buisen," with an average of 256^ barrels herring and cod 

 per vessel. 



1844. — 12 " buisen," with an average of 353 barrels herring and cod 

 per vessel. 



1834. — 16 " buisen," with an average of 245 barrels herring and cod 

 per vessel. 



And the poorest : 



1852. — 10 " buisen," with an average of 71^ barrels herring and cod 

 per vessels. 



1846. — 11 "buisen," with an average of 82 barrels herring and cod per 

 vessel. 



1845. — 12 " buisen," with an average of 97 barrels herring and cod per 

 vessel. 



1822. — 27 " buisen," with an average of 108 barrels herring and cod per 

 vessel. 



1824. — 25 "buisen," with an average of 109^ barrels herring and cod 

 per vessel. 



1848. — 9 " buisen," with an average of 116 barrels herring and cod per 

 vessel. 



During the years 1833-1839, 1840-1842, 1844, 1851, and 1854 the aver- 

 age annual result per vessel was 200 barrels. The direct profit which the 

 great fishers derived from the fisheries may have been small j but these 

 fisheries always gave employment to a large number of men, boys, 

 women, and girls; and as Emden at that time was far from the great 



