EMDEN JOINT-STOCK HERRING-FISHERY ASSOCIATION. 7G7 



completed the arrangement on deck. Below deck most of the partitions 

 were removed and were so arranged that they could easily be put in 

 again in spring and removed in autumn. Then ice-rooms were made 

 likewise so arranged that they could easily be put up and removed 

 Finally a trawl-net of the largest size was procured, as also a seconder 

 reserve net, which was constructed in the following manner : At both 

 ends of a 50-foot pole madeof oak or beech, strong iron shors resem- 

 bling the runners of a sleigh are fastened, which keep the pole about three 

 feet from the ground ; to this pole the upper edge of the roUed-up net 

 is fastened. The large net resembling a sack is made of hemp and has 

 wide meshes; it ends in a point, near which there is a valve, through 

 which the fish can be taken out conveniently after the net has been 

 hauled in. The fish are killed and cleaned on board and carefully 

 packed in layers of ground ice. By means of a rope fastened to the 

 trawl-pole, which is tied to the fore part of the vessel, the "logger" 

 drags the net along the bottom; successful fishing is, of course, de- 

 pendent on a suf&cieut quantity and strength of sails. The ship is 

 guided by another rope fastened to the stern, and it sails against the cur- 

 rent. When fishing for plaice fewer sails are required, and the ship sails 

 slowly with the current. In this manner the Elbe vessels gener;illy fish; 

 but plaice can only be caught in the latter i)art of spring, as only at 

 that season they have a truly delicate flavor. 



The transformation of the Oldenburg has proved an entire success. 

 The expenses, however, amounted to almost $2,250, including the cost of 

 a journey to England undertaken by the director, and the high wages 

 and board of an English fisherman to serve as instructor. In future 

 the expense of fitting up a " logger" for winter fishing will only be 

 $1,500-$1,750. The Oldenburg made five voyages to Hull, which, not 

 considering small unavoidable repairs, proved successful, as the fish 

 were quickly sold in the large Hull market. The English buyers paid 

 the highest market prices for these fish, which had been carefully 

 handled and came to market in good condition. During the return 

 voyages toEmden the nets were likewise let down several times, and the 

 fish caught sold in Emden at public auctiou. The result of these voy- 

 ages has been as follows : 



