INTRODUCTION. 65 



the latter should indicate in order to preserve Japan against the dangers that threatened her ." 

 And at the end of the governor general's letter was an intimation to the Nagasaki authorities 

 that the Dutch might be forced to abandon Japan entirely if hostile collisions with other nations 

 should be the result of perseverance in her system of exclusion. This, it is claimed, was a 

 renewal of the effort to open Japan on the princij^les set forth in the letter of William II, in 

 1844. From 1844 to 1852 the Dutch made no effort at all, on the ground, as the document 

 alleges, that it was expedient to wait a more favorable opportunity. 



In 1852, the Dezima chief was furnished, by the governor general, with instructions to urge 

 upon the Japanese government a change in its policy of exclusion, not particularly with reference 

 to the Americans, but in favor oi all nations who hitherto had lived in peace with Japan. At the 

 same time powers to negotiate with Japan were sent to the Dezima cliief, and the draft of a 

 treaty was furnished him by his government. He was also ordered to conform to the instruc- 

 tions of the governor general and the draft of the treaty, if he should be consulted "in the 

 Japanese American affairs." The draft of the treaty was substantially this : 



Article I. The relations now existing between Japan and the Netherlands to be confirmed. 



Article IT. The port of Nagasaki to be opened to other nations beside the Dutch for the 

 following purposes, viz: to procure provisions and navy stores ; to repair vessels; and to take 

 care of sick seamen. 



Article III. Other nations beside the Dutch may "even be admitted to trade :" provided they 

 conclude a treaty u-ifh Japan on the bases expressed in the next article. 



Article IV. (a) Trade to be limited to the j^ort of Nagasaki. 



(6) Every nation admitted to trade to have its own consul. 



(c) Japanese government to indicate to foreign merchants a quarter in Nagasaki for their 

 residence. 



(d) Trade to be carried on with the privileged Japanese merchants of the five imperial cities, 

 Teddo, Miako, Ohosaka, Sahai, and Nagasaki, and placed under the care of the governor of 

 Nagasaki. 



(e) Agents of the Japanese princes allowed to buy foreign wares, and to pay for them with 

 the products of their principalities. 



(/) Japanese government to make regulations as to the manner of carrying on traffic ; such 

 regulations to be enforced by the police of Nagasaki. 



(g) Japanese government to issue notes, payable at the imj^erial treasury, to facilitate trade 

 with foreigners. 



(A) Foreign traders allowed to pay out and receive the Japanese copper coin, in the matter of 

 daily household expenses. 



(t) Eight reserved to the Japanese government of imposing a moderate tariff of duties on 

 foreign importations. 



(/) All differences arising in trade to be settled by the consul of the foreign trader and the 

 governor of Nagasaki, or his proxy. 



{k) Crimes committed by a foreigner to he tried and punished by tlie nation to which the 

 criminal belongs. 



(I) The Japanese government to indicate two places where the foreign nations, admitted to 

 trade, may establish depots for coal. One shall be in the bay of "Good Hope," in Jesso, in 

 the northern part of the Empire ; and the other in the southern part, on one of the islands 

 of the Linschop archipelago. 

 9 J 



