JAPANESE COAL. 481 



It is agreed that nothing lierein contained shall in anj^ way affect or modify the stipulations 

 of the treaty of Kanagawa, should that be found to be contrary to these regulations. 



In witness whereof, copies of these additional regulations have been signed and sealed in the 

 English and Jppauese languages by the respective parties, and a certified translation in the 

 Dutch language, and exchanged by the commissionei's of the United States and Japan. 

 SiiMODA, Japan, June VI, 1854. 



M. C. PERRY, 

 Commander-in-chief of the U. S. Naval Forces, East India, 



China, and Japan Seas, and Special Envoy to Japan. 



These regulations were agreed to on the part of the commissioners only after a very hard 

 struggle. The question of limits to the Americans, both at Simoda and Hakodadi, was the one 

 most difiicult of adjustment, in consequence, as it appeared, of the trouble in reconciling the 

 imi^erial and local jurisdictions. The commissioners urged that the authority of the Empire 

 did not extend as far as the seven Japanese ri, or sixteen English miles, guarantied to the 

 Americans by the treaty of Kanagawa. The Japanese officers had pointed out three positions 

 to the American officers, who had been designated by the Commodore to be present, as the sites 

 for the gates and walls. Neither of these was distant more than a mile and a half from Centre 

 Island, the starting point agreed upon from which to mark the boundary. The gates were 

 finally erected at the spots indicated, when the commissioners formally proposed that the 

 Commodore should now assent to a regulation making it necessary for Americans desiring to 

 pass beyond them to obtain jjermission first from the Japanese officer on duty. But the 

 Commodore peremptorily refused, and was firm in resisting all efforts, great or small, to 

 weaken, in the slightest degree, the concessions already made to the Americans by the treaty. 

 He intimated, however, a willingness to assent to such regulations as were undoubtedly necessary 

 to govern the Japanese authorities as well as the Americans ; but as for modifying or in any 

 way altering the treaty, he wished them distinctly to understand that it was entirely impossible. 

 In regard to the limits at Hakodadi, the commissioners at first wished to confine them to 

 one street, then to the whole town, then to the projecting promontory extending toward 

 the sea, next to three Japanese ri, and then to three and a half. They thus contested 

 the ground, inch by inch. The Commodore proposed that the Americans should enjoy 

 the same extent of boundary as had been granted at Simoda ; but this was so pertina- 

 ciously opposed that it was thought expedient to compromise for five Japanese ri, or twelve 

 English miles ; and as the country in the neighborhood of Hakodadi is mountainous and 

 sparsely settled, this restriction will prove of no great consequence. Nothing, however, was 

 more apparent than that the Japanese, admonished by their old Portuguese experience, were 

 exceedingly reluctant to allow Christian foreigners to come among them at all, even for 

 temporary purposes. 



The Japanese authorities had, in accordance with their agreement, supplied tho steamers 

 at Simoda with some of their native coal. It had been brought from their mines, at 

 considerable trouble and expense, in hampers made of rice-straw. Notwithstanding the country 

 is said to produce large quantities of this mineral, and the people are reported to have been long 

 familiar with its uses, the coal they supplied appeared to be surface coal, and to have been 

 obtained from mines which had not been opened thoroughly and worked. On being tried on 

 61 J 



