Relations and Transformations of Energy 33 



of their formation. No evidence of tliis exists. The view 

 already given for the simpler inorganic colloids, viz., that their 

 molecules are invested by a double charge of electricity, a 

 positive and a negative, suggests that new and different ener- 

 gizing conditions were evolved for their upbuilding. Mean- 

 while, therefore, we will accept it as a working hypothesis, 

 to be expanded later, that transition from the inorganic colloid 

 to the organic colloid body was gradually accompanied by the 

 evolution of a new and more condensed phase or modification 

 of energy, the "biotic." 



Accepting such, we can next inquire as to the conditions 

 necessary for the advancing synthesis of colloid compounds. 

 Four requirements, probably five, at least are called for. First, 

 time, which is now readily conceded alike by physicists and 

 geologists. Second, abundant formation and intermixture of 

 many kinds of crystalloids and colloids of inorganic nature. 

 Third, long continued action and reaction of these on each 

 other, and amid favorable liquid media. Fourth, the gradual 

 establishment between these — as being distinct yet intermixed 

 and cooperative bodies — of a molecular equilibrium, which 

 would only be upset when some appropriate extrinsic or in- 

 trinsic stimulus acted. Fifth, the capacity for multiplication 

 and continued renewal of such equilibrated bodies. 



Under the first caption it is agreed, alike from the thickness 

 of the strata, their striking deformation and modification, 

 as well as their relation to subsequent rock formations, that 

 a period of "^O to 30 millions of years would be a moderate 

 estimate for the duration of the mid- and late archa^an periods. 



Under the second caption it may suffice if we recall attention 

 to the ample series of chemical compounds furnished by decom- 

 position of granitic, of schistose, and of gneissic rocks. Also, 

 if one consult such analyses as those given by the author (13: 

 255) for the waters of various geysers and hot springs, it be- 

 comes evident that these may not unfrequently form extensive 

 colloid masses, if oxygenating agencies are at work. 



Under the third re(iuirement one obtains a vivid picture 

 of the proljable — the almost assured — terrestrial conditions 

 over wide areas, by perusal of the accounts given by Weed. 



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