Relations and Transformations of Energy 



35 



Asta 

 Spring Geyser ; Geyser 



Old 



Great 



Splendid Grand ^^.^^^^ ^ 



ser, 



Geyser j Iceland 



Si02, silica 



NaCl, sodium chloride 



LiCl, lithium chloride 



KCl, potassium chloride 



KBr, potassium bromide 



Na2S04, sodium sulphate 



Na2B407, sodium borate 



Na2 As02, t sodium arseniate. . . . 



Xa2Si03, sodium silicate 



Na2C03, sodium carbonate 



MgCOs, magnesium carbonate. 



CaCOs, lime carbonate , 



FeCOs, iron carbonate 



AI2O3, alumina 



H2S, hydrogen sulphide 



NH4CI, ammonium chloride, . . 



CO2, carbonic anhydride , 



K2SO4, potassium sulphate .... 

 MgS04, magnesium sulphate . . 

 Na2S, sodium sulphide , 



.1650 

 .1320 

 .0048 

 .0!221 



Total. 



Specific gravity. 



.0575 



.1463 

 .0035 

 .0295 



.0112 



1045 



.2964 

 ,4940 

 .0140 

 .0231 



.0281 

 .0335 

 .0025 



.5286 

 .0018 

 .0075 

 .0001 

 .0051 



.0002 

 .1989 



.3035 

 .5643 

 .0218 

 .0319 

 Trace 

 .0387 

 .0350 

 .0014 



.3209 



none 



.0070 



.0061 

 Trace 

 .0012 

 .0587 



.6764 1.6340 1.3905 



1.00132 1.00108 



.3961 

 .6393 

 .0340 

 .0478 

 .0051 

 .0270 

 .0213 

 .0027 

 .0279 

 .2088 

 .0021 

 .0038 

 Trace 

 .0017 

 .0002 

 Trace 



1.3908 1.2305 



.5190 

 .2379 



.1342 



.2567 



.0180 

 .0091 

 .0088 



White 



Terrace 



Geyser, 



N. Zealand 



.6060 

 1.6220 

 .0950* 



.2290t 



Trace 

 .025 



.005 



.0750 



2.6570 



1.00096 1.000205 1.00077 



* CaClg. 

 t Na20. 



t Na2HAs04 probably is intended here. 



careoiis in relation, and deposited extensive beds of colloidal 

 "travertine." 



x\ll of them had simple cellular plants or protophytes actively 

 growing in, and forming, the colloidal deposits, in similar 

 manner to that first studied and elucidated by Cohn for the 

 Carlsbad mineral springs. As explained in the next chapter 

 the protophytic organisms, that cause chemical precipitation 

 of the deposits, live at temperatures of 50° C. to 85° C, and 

 seem, from world-wide evidence, to be most active in depositing 

 the sinter or travertine between these limits. 



Though such regions are now restricted to comparatively 

 limited areas of the earth's crust, their occurrence every here 

 and there over every one of the continents is significant. 

 We believe we do not overstate it if from direct geological 



