Formed Constituents of Organisms 165 



and common throughout the entire organic world, and which 

 may be called forth or may be absorbed, according to the action 

 or the cessation of environal stimuli. 



The protoplasm, the nucleus and nucleolus, the cell wall, 

 the chlorophyll, the food substances from sugars up to proteids, 

 the ferments, various accessory compounds, the cilia, the 

 glandular relations, the physiological responses are a common 

 and continuous inheritance from the simplest nucleated plants 

 up to man; except that for plants — which in virtue of chlor- 

 ophyll development have become primarily food elaborators, 

 and in virtue of their sedentary habits have utilized many 

 defensive substances — characters that remain uniform through- 

 out for them are not carried into and evolved by animals, 

 owing to their dependence on green plants. 



But we have already seen that, in the Acaryota, evolving 

 stages of various of the above can readily be traced. The 

 nucleus and nucleolus, the chlorophyll, the red and blue dis- 

 solved pigments, the greatly more limited variety of food prod- 

 ucts including frequent absence of starch, the apparently 

 limited number of ferments — so far at least as present knowledge 

 helps us — and the gradual evolution of cilia observable, all 

 suggest that below the nucleated Caryota, whether they are 

 unicellular or multicellular, we must look for the development 

 and fixation of those characters that are typical and potentially 

 hereditary for the entire series. 



Similarly the formation of surface protections in response 

 to environal stimuli, as well as the hereditary transmission 

 of all the tropisms and of other response characters throughout 

 the plant and animal series, is in uniformity with, and is corre- 

 lated with, morphological constancy, from the simplest nucleate 

 organisms upward. 



On the other hand our study of the glucosides, alkaloids, 

 oleo-resins, tannins, etc., which exist in the sedentary plant 

 organism, rarely in the active animal organism, and that are 

 more often formed from progressive and destructive analysis 

 rather than from synthesis, has revealed that hundreds — 

 possibly thousands — of definite chemical bodies have evolved 



