Origin of Sexuality 289 



both, the halved or haploid number is doubled and fonns the 

 resulting sporophyte plant. 



The quality and condensation of energy implied in such 

 complemental unions and subsequent unfoldings by the egg 

 represent an amount and a kind of energy far more perfect 

 than even electricity. x\nd from the preponderating part 

 played by the chromatin over the protoplasm, under very 

 many conditions observed, we would conclude, for the higher 

 as for the lower green plants, that sexuality is due to a modifi- 

 cation or change in the sign or character of the cognitic energy 

 in two cells, so that one becomes charged with negative or 

 minus cognitic energy, the other with positive or plus cognitic 

 energy. So, when set free in the mature state, each becomes 

 attractive for the other. 



Here however we have again to distinguish two distinct 

 phenomena, as amongst the simplest plants and animals. 

 First, we recognize sex differentiation as such, that is, the pro- 

 duction of two sets of like cells that are complemental to and 

 necessary for fusion with each other, in order to the production 

 of a new plant, and in both of which cells the amount of plus 

 and minus cognitic energy is exactly balanced. Such cells 

 could then be called isogametes, and the phenomenon as iso- 

 amphimixis. But over and above in all of the higher plants 

 and animals, as well as in many unicellular ones, the com- 

 plemental sex cells have become unequal in size, different in 

 bio-cognitic constitution, and so organized that one cell attracts 

 and the other is attracted. Such secondary sexual modifi- 

 cation might then be called anisoamphunixis, and the cells 

 as anisoga metes. 



We do not as yet know accurately for i)lants how such aniso- 

 ampliimixis is to be explained. But important studies of 

 animal and specially of insect gametes, made in recent years 

 by Henking, McClung, Morgan, and others, suggest that often 

 in the male cell, more rarely in the female cell, one chromosome 

 may have an increased amount of chromatin, and so may give 

 rise to maleness or femaleness; or even as in insects that a 

 sui)plenientary chromosome in each s})ermatozoid confers 



10 



