618 Causes and Course of Organic Evolution 



brown ant as compared with a hemipterid insect is shown not 

 only in the careful selection by the former of such food supplies 

 as seeds, but even more in the removal to a nest underground, 

 in the destruction of the radicle, in the storing of the grain, 

 and the utilization of it as food at an appropriate time. Such 

 extended provision for the future is, therefore, correlated with 

 complex brain development. 



A steadily cumulated mass of satisfied experiences of like 

 nature, gathered along the nemertean-vertebrate line of evolu- 

 tion, has reached a present-day climax in superman, whose re- 

 sultant stimuli are often gathered from a world-wide or even 

 universe-wide area, and whose proenvironal responses already 

 may have world-wide consequences. 



So, in comparing instincts and intelligence, the writer would 

 consider that the so-called instincts of many animals, even 

 high in the zoological scale, represent the result of oft-repeated 

 lines of stimulation or energy flow toward nerve cells, and the 

 placing there of complex molecular groups which combine 

 these lines of energy into a resultant state. Agreeing with this, 

 though less fundamental in explanation, is Parmelee's definition 

 of instinct (53: 226) as: "An inherited combination of reflexes 

 which have been integrated by the central nervous system so 

 as to cause an external activity of the organism which usually 

 characterizes a whole species and is usually adaptive." Again, 

 on page 266, he more briefly defines it as "an integration and 

 correlation of reflexes by the central nervous system," and then 

 adds "this kind of integration and correlation is inherited and 

 is performed by the sensory and motor parts of the central 

 nervous system, which are specialized for those purposes. 

 When a certain number of these instincts which are readily 

 modifiable have evolved, and when the central nervous system 

 has developed parts which are not specialized at birth, so that 

 they can serve as association areas, then intelligence may make 

 its appearance." 



But, as the researches and experiments of Romanes, Uexkull, 

 Lloyd Morgan, Thorndike, Yerkes, Cole, Davis, and others 

 have demonstrated, instinctive acts may be performed by a 



