CoGiTic Evolution of Man 625 



of a family. Correspondingly lie had a limited field from which 

 to draw new sense stimuli or impressions. But perfected up- 

 right posture and bipedal progression caused him to look out- 

 ward and upward, at the same time also set free the hand-arms 

 that might gather countless afferent stimuli and pass these to 

 the brain. Like the Ainu, the Fuegian, and the Australian 

 native at the present day, his rude leafy bower or stone hut 

 represented the center round which the aims, affections, ef- 

 forts, successes, and burial places of each head of a family and 

 of its units centered. But bartering at one time, fighting at 

 another, migration — willing or forced — at another; or again 

 following of the chase, and fishing along coasts and rivers, 

 opened up widening fields of stimulation, increase of varied 

 brain recepts, and advancing complexity of proenvironal con- 

 cepts. Further, as the sun, the wind, the rain, or the snow- 

 storm by day, the moon, the stars, the shifting shadows, or 

 the prowling animals by night, were watched often with fear 

 or awe, these opened up still wider fields of stimulation action 

 and proenvironal response. As canoes of ever-increasing size 

 by river and sea, or tamed animals by land, were used for rapid 

 and wide conveyance to distant points, added stimulations and 

 responses were made, while the brain became ever richer in 

 nervous organization. 



As with other evolving animal groups also, such as the bees, 

 the ants, the beavers, the prairie dog, and some monkeys, 

 social or moral combinations and restraints were increasingly 

 perfected amongst ever-widening groups or races. This knit 

 together the individuals of a family, the families of a race^ and 

 in time the races of a nation, alike for exploitation or vegeta- 

 tion, for defense, and for reproduction. And, in the accom- 

 plishment of this, primitive man was slowly evolving new and 

 ever wider stimulation combinations, that resulted in advanc- 

 ing complexity of proenvironal response. Extravagant though 

 the view may seem also on first thought, such advances were 

 largely due to cooperative hand-arm and brain activity. For 

 kind and considerate acts to wife and children, defense of these 

 from attack, provision of daily food for them, instruction of the 



