Probable Future Advances in Evolution 827 



and socialist congresses have already accomplished great thin g 

 along such lines. 



(4) The recent initiation of the system of exchange pro- 

 fessors between several of the international universities has 

 been productive of highest good, while the various international 

 scientific congresses have brought mental leaders together 

 from the ends of the earth. 



(5) An international peace temple and an international 

 peace conciliation council have alike been established, and 

 the world at this stage of its moral unfolding will not willingly 

 allow either of these to die. The great mass of the people 

 has fully and finally discovered that wars are seldom desired 

 by them, and are used by their lordlings only to divert atten- 

 tion from internal needed improvements, or to furnish apology 

 by these lordlings for their owm aggrandisement. So deter- 

 mined expressions of opinion have gone forth from large groups 

 of thoughtful men in Germany, France, Portugal, Britain, 

 Spain, Italy, the United States, and other lands, that the age 

 of exhausting and bloody wars has appropriately almost come 

 to an end; that the future policy of nations must be a con- 

 structive rather than a destructive one; that by far the greater 

 part of the world is still lying fallow and waiting for willing 

 hands to exploit it; and that this can only be done when peace- 

 ful international progress is assured. So they are surely and 

 steadily determining upon means that shall rid them of their 

 old military and naval despotisms and nepotisms, and enable 

 them to place in power men pledged to peace, progress, and 

 true economy. So that noblest benediction of Christ to human- 

 ity, "peace on earth, good-will to men," that each Christmas 

 tide brings round will in due time be realized. 



Such a consummation will doubtless not be reached until 

 heroic and continued efforts have been put forth to overthrow 

 the old, and firmly establish the new. For, just as coopera- 

 tive trades-unionism, labor representation in our halls of legis- 

 lation, socialism, and democracy have been bitterly antagon- 

 ized by reactionaries in each civilized country of the world, 

 so doubtless will international peace and activity be ridiculed 

 and fought against. 



