UPPER-WIND OBSERVATIONS OF LAST CRUISE OF CARNEGIE 



west, with a rain squall at 10 a.m. and heavy rain the 

 following morning. During the three days' passage 

 northward, from Guam to 20° north, the winds were 

 moderate to gentle from east -northeast to east, with 

 little cloud and generally fair weather. There were two 

 brief periods of drizzling rain in the early mornings of 

 May 26 and 27. 



Flights 104 to 110, May 28 to June 5, 1929 



This group of seven flights was made while the Car - 

 negie was sailing northward from Guam to Yokohama, 

 between the meridians 215° and 220° west. For the last 

 three days of May moderate to gentle breezes and airs 

 between east and south prevailed, occasionally broken 

 by short periods of calm. The sky on all days of these 

 flights was comparatively free from clouds although 

 there was considerable haze, and on two days. May 29 

 and 31, there was dew during the evening. During June 

 1 to 7, in increasing northerly latitudes, the cloudiness 

 increased with much haze. The surface winds varied in 

 force, but were generally southerly to westerly. The 

 Manila Observatory reported by radio on the night of 

 June 1 the positions of a typhoon on two previous days. 

 These reports indicated that the typhoon would intercept 

 the Carnegie's track in a few hours. 



Captain Ault gave the following report on the pas - 

 sage of the typhoon: "The Barometer had dropped 4 mm 

 during the preceding eight hours, and it seemed wise to 

 head east by south and place the vessel in a safer posi- 

 tion to avoid the path of the storm. After we had been 

 running eastward for two hours, the barometer began to 

 rise and the wind moderated, so we hove the vessel to 

 and waited for wind and sea to moderate further. After 

 another wait for two hours, course was again set toward 

 the northwest, the vessel riding on the tail of the typhoon. 

 The wind continued to shift to the right, showing that the 

 storm had passed on to the eastward. "[2] 



On June 6, not far from Tokyo Bay at the entrance to 

 Yokohama, the Carnegie passed very close to another 

 typhoon center. 



Flights 111 to 118, 

 June 25 to July 3, 1929 



These eight flights were made off the coast of Japan 

 as the Carnegie sailed northeast from Yokohama On a 

 great circle course to San Francisco. After July 3, when 

 the Carnegie was in 40.°4 north and 209.°0 west, bad 

 weather with almost continuous fog and mist set in, so 

 that no further pilot-balloon observations were made for 

 the following nineteen days during the cruise of 5200 km 

 across the northern Pacific. As a description of the 

 typical weather prevailing, except that the winds were 

 easterly rather than westerly, the entry in the log for 

 July 8 is given: "Overcast throughout with mist, fog, or 

 drizzling rain; moderate to gentle south and west breez- 

 es; moderate sea." The weather during the first week's 

 voyage northeast from Yokohama was generally overcast, 

 with light breezes and airs from between south and east. 

 Hazy conditions were frequently observed even at dis- 

 tances of 700 km from land. 



All these flights were made on the southwest out- 

 skirts of the Aleutian low-pressure center. Although 

 the surface winds were fairly uniform, being at the 



times of all flights, except one, from the quadrant be- 

 tween south and east, the winds from 0.5 km upward 

 were extremely variable from day to day, their fre- 

 quent variation, characteristic of these latitudes, owing 

 to the progression of centers of high and low pressure 

 across the North Pacific. 



Flights 119 to 122, July 21 to 26, 1929 



These four flights were made far from the North 

 American coast as the Carnegie sailed on a southeast 

 course to San Francisco. The weather over the period 

 was generally overcast, and rain was recorded every 

 day except July 21. Winds from July 21 to 25 continued 

 from west to south, but then changed to a strong north- 

 erly breeze on July 26. The barometer, which was rath- 

 er low (760.6 mm) on July 21, continued to rise steadily 

 from day to day until it reached 768.5 on July 26. This 

 general pressure rise was because of approaching the 

 semipermanent high-pressure center off the coast of 

 California. 



Flights 123 to 130, 

 September 8 to 14, 1929 



The Carnegie left San Francisco on September 3 

 equipped with a new pilot-balloon theodolite and new sup- 

 plies of balloons and hydrogen. Owing to overcast skies, 

 the first flight was not made until September 8, but 

 flights continued daily after this until September 14 when 

 the Carnegie crossed the 140th meridian. The weather 

 was generally fine, with rather cloudy skies but without 

 rain for six days, except for a shower at 6:30 a.m. on 

 September 14. From September 6 to 9, northwest breez- 

 es and airs blew fairly steadily, except for intervals of 

 gentle northeast breezes which, however, continued with- 

 out interruption through September 10 and 11. From 

 September 12 to 14 the winds were continuously from the 

 southeast quadrant. The barometer fluctuated consider- 

 ably from day to day in a general level of high pressures. 



On September 8 and 10 the pilot balloon was lost in 

 cloud at 1 km, and on the 9th at 2.5 km, all winds up to 

 these levels having been from northeast. On September 

 11, above a thick stratum of northeast winds, southeast 

 winds were found at a level of 3 km. On September 12 

 and 13 the surface winds were southeast and continued so 

 to a height of 1 km, above which they were variable to 

 3.5 km. At this height moderately strong southwest winds 

 were observed, which on the following day were found to 

 blow from the surface to 4.5 km. 



Flights 131 to 139, 

 September 16 to 24, 1929 



This group of ten flights was made as the Carnegie 

 moved west-southwest from the 140th meridian to Hono- 

 lulu. After the southeast winds of September 15, 16, and 

 17, due to the passage of a depression, moderate breezes 

 usually between northeast and north blew until September 

 22, when in proximity to the Hawaiian Islands gentle east- 

 southeast to easterly breezes were encountered. With 

 the favorable following northeast wind the Carnegie had 

 good daily runs in her west -southwest course, making 

 177 miles on September 19, and averaging 135 miles 



