APPENDIX B LXI 



Where Y is the yield in bu. per acre; m, the minimum temperature 

 averaged for the 3rd 30-days; p, the total precipitation for the same 

 30-days; r, the mean daily range for the same 30-days. m' is (m — 40). 



This formula was based on the statistics for the years 1890 to 

 1915, but the co-operation of the Dominion Bureau of Statistics 

 during the year 1918 furnished us with the dates of sowing and appear- 

 ance above ground and other epochs throughout the Dominion, and 

 we are therefore able to apply this formula to the data of 1918 in 

 Manitoba. The average date of sowing of wheat in southern 

 Manitoba was the 8th of April. The third period therefore began 

 about the 7th of June and lasted until the 7th of July. For the 

 two stations Winnipeg and Minnedosa only, the mean minimum was 

 49-6, the range 25-3, and the precipitation 1-50. Substituting in 

 the formula above we obtain the yield to be expected from the con- 

 ditions obtaining during the period June 7th to July 7th as 12-7 

 bu. per acre. In the Bulletin for January 1919, the official figure for 

 the yield of Spring-wheat in Manitoba in 1918 is given as 16-25 bu. 

 per acre. Whether the inclusion of the data from the remaining 30 

 meteorological stations in southern Manitoba will greatly afifect this 

 result will be determined during the analysis of the data which is 

 now being made. 



Studies in the yields of oats have proven more disappointing, 

 possibly because the statistics in the early years were not made very 

 accurately. A comparison of the very good year 1915 with the poor 

 year 1916, leads us to suppose that a very early sowing of oats is essen- 

 tial to a good yield in Ontario, while the subsequent growth of straw 

 should proceed at a uniformly gradual rate. This last condition is 

 favoured by rather cool weather and a moist soil, with no extreme 

 variations from the normal even for very short periods. 



Respectfully submitted. 



R. F. Stupart, 



Director. 

 Phenological Observations 



The following report on the phenological observations of 1918 

 is presented by Mr. F. F. Payne, of the Central Office of the Meteor- 

 logical Service. 



In British Columbia vegetation made rapid progress during 

 April, and plants flowering during that month were earlier than usual. 

 During May, however, growth was somewhat retarded and the dates 

 of flowering did not differ much from the average. 



In Alberta and Saskatchewan the progress of vegetation was 

 similar to that in the last mentioned province, but the dates of flower- 



