Section III, 1919 [221] Trans. R.S.C. 



The Analysis of Maple Products 



Paper II. The Composition of Maple Syrup and of Maple 

 Sugar Sand and the Detection of Adulteration of 



THE Syrup 



By J. F. Snell, Ph.D. 



Presented by Frank T. Shutt, M.A., D.Sc, F. R.S.C. 

 (Read May Meeting, 1919.) 



Six years ago a first paper^ under the above general title was 

 presented to this Society. In the interval the electrical conductivity 

 test therein described has been applied to a considerable number of 

 pure syrups and to maple sugars and comparisons have been made 

 between that test and others as to their effectiveness in detecting 

 adulteration with pure and raw cane sugars. The directions for the 

 test have been revised but not materially altered.'^ An electrotitra- 

 metric test using lead subacetate solution has been published^ and 

 further work upon it is in progress. Some miscellaneous observations 

 on maple syrup"* and some analyses of maple sugar sand^ have also 

 been made public. 



The purpose of the present paper is to summarize some of the 

 results of our own investigations and those of others in the same 

 field, dealing first with the composition of the products of maple sap, 

 and afterwards with the question of adulteration of the syrup and 

 sugar. 



Maple Sugar Sand 



This material, precipitated from the evaporating sap, has been 

 shown to consist mainly of calcium malate, silica being the next most 

 abundant ingredient. Table I gives the per cent of ash and the per- 

 centage composition of the ash of six samples analysed by Mr. A. 



1 These Transactions 1913, Section III, pp. 165-182. 



2 Snell and Scott, Journ. Ind. Eng. Chem. 5 (1913) 993-7, 6 (1914) 216-22; 

 Snell, Journ. Soc. Chem. Ind., 2,2, (1914) 507-15; Journ. Ind. Eng. Chem. 8 (1916), 

 331-3; Van Zoeren, Journ. Amer Chem. Soc. 38 (1916) 652-3; Snell and Van 

 Zoeren, Journ. Ind. Eng. Chem. 8 (1916), 421-2. 



' Snell, MacFarlane and Van Zoeren, Journ. Ind. Engin. Chem. 8 (1916), 241-3. 



^ Snell, Journ. Ind. Eng. Chem. 8 (1916), 144-8. 



5 Snell and Lochhead, Journ. Ind. Eng. Chem. 6 (1914), 301-2. 



