PREFACE 



great number of the computations and prepared all the 

 figures. 



Sonic depth finding equipment loaned by the United 

 States Navy Department made a program of sounding 

 possible. Although the program changed occasionally 

 with changing conditions, soundings were usually made 

 every four hours. These soundings reveal changes that 

 have to be made in our conceptions of the most probable 

 course of the depth contours in the oceanic areas trav- 

 ersed. 



Salinities were measured by the bridge and titration 

 methods, and then compared. The results of the salinity 

 work are given in table 2 and in the vertical distribution 

 curves (Oceanography I-B, pp. 183-257, and 56-115). 



Bottom samples were collected at the different sta- 

 tions with various samplers. These samples were sent 

 to Washington for examination. 



In his introduction Dr. Sverdrup states that oceano- 

 graphic data accumulated after 1930 have not been con- 



sidered by him in preparing the present volume, and this 

 procedure has imposed certain limitations on the discus- 

 sion. On the other hand, the Carnegie data have been freely 

 placed at the disposal of every oceanographer who has 

 needed them in his work, and have, therefore, been wide- 

 ly used and discussed from different points of view. Dr. 

 Sverdrup has himself used them most extensively, par- 

 ticularly in other analyses of the waters and currents of 

 the Pacific Ocean such as those appearing in "The oceans, 

 their physics, chemistry, and general biology" by him- 

 self, Johnson, and Fleming. These later analyses have 

 not materially changed the conclusions. 



The present volume is the seventh in the series 

 "Scientific results of cruise VII of the Carnegie under 

 command of Captain J. P. Ault.' It is the first of the 

 Oceanographic Reports. 



J. A. Fleming 

 Director, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism 



