1921.] N. Annandale & B. Prashad : Gastropods. 9 



while the outer one is usually much reduced and may even be 

 absent. The lateral teeth have five cusps, of these the third or 

 central one is the largest and the innermost cusp is very much 

 reduced. 



Sojt farts. — The right epipodial lobe is prominent and well 

 developed. The inhalent siphon, which is formed b}' the left 

 epipodial lobe, has, when contracted, the form of a prominent fold, 

 forming part of a circle, but with its extremities widely separated. 

 When expanded it is funnel-shaped and much broader than long. 



Type-spccies. — Ampullaria globosa, Swainson. 



Geographical Range and Habitat. — The genus is found all over 

 the Oriental Region except in mountainous country. No recent 

 species are known from the Punjab, but sub-fossil remains have 

 been found in the Salt Range. At present no characters are known 

 by which African species can be distinguished from Asiatic forms. 



The species are found in ponds, rice-fields and backwater 

 swamps in which there is abundant subme rged vegetation of a 

 succulent kind. 



Turbinicola, gen. nov. 



The shell is dextral, comparatively small, regularly ovate and 

 less globose than in Pachylabra. Its mouth is relativel}^ high and 

 narrow. The outer lip is thin, the peristome is complete and the 

 callus of the columellar region is, though narrow, flat and porcel- 

 laneous. The umbilicus is closed. 



The operculum is precisely like that of Pachylabra. 



The radiila has the following peculiarities : the lateral cusps of 

 all the teeth are reduced, while the main cusp is extremely large 

 and broad forming a scoop-like organ, more particularly on the 

 laterals and the marginals. Only two cusps remain on the laterals 

 and marginals and the inner cusp is vestigial, while the outer is 

 expanded and obliquely truncate. We figure the radular teeth of 

 the type-species, with that of P. nevilliana for comparison. 



The soft parts have not been studied in detail, but it has been 

 noted that the foot is short, broad and rounded behind and with 

 the antero-lateral angles but slightl}^ produced. 



Type-species. — Ampullaria nux, Reeve. 



Geographical Range and Habitat. — -Only known from the 

 northern part of the Western Ghats in the Nasik and Poona dis- 

 tricts of the Bombay Presidency. 



The type-species lives on rocks in small pools in mountain 

 streamlets. The peculiar structure of its radular teeth doubtless 

 permits it to scrape the algae from stones or to scoop up mud 

 containing nutritious substances. 



Turbinicola nux (Reeve). 



1856. Ampullaria nux, Reeve, Conchologia Iconica X, Ampullaria. pi. 



x.wiii, fig. 132. 

 1876. Ampullaria flux, Hanley and Theobald, Conch, /iid-, pi. cxv. fig. 



I. 



