42 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vol. XXII, 



According to the discussion of the genus Kinetoskiaa presented 

 b}' Busk (1881), this genus was originally established to embrace 

 two peculiar abyssal species of bryozoa first described by Daniels- 

 sen in 1867, later more full}' by Koren and Danielssen. Among 

 the Challenger bryozoa, Busk (1884) describes two new species of 

 this genus obtained in the North x\tlantic, the one from a depth of 

 1526 fathoms, the other from 265 fathoms. The distinguishing 

 mark of these four species is the strong "parietal muscle arising 

 near the base of the zocecium and passing obliquely backwards 

 and upwards expanding in a fan-shaped manner to be inserted into 

 its hinder wall to the height of about one-third or one-fourth of the 

 zocecium." To quote further, the author adds, "the action of 

 this muscle must be to draw the entire zocecium downwards and 

 forwards, or in other words, to bend it on itself, and thus by the 

 concurrent action in many zooecia to curl the branches forwards ; 

 an action that has in fact been noticed by Koren and Danielssen 

 in the living condition." 



It is clearly shown in the various figures that this Arabian 

 species possesses the Kinetoskian muscle developed to a greater 

 degree than it is in any of the species heretofore described. It is 

 seen to arise at two points near the base of the zocecium proper 

 and to spread out in two directions forming a double muscle, that 

 portion lying toward the inner side of the zocecium being some- 

 what more strongly developed than that lying toward the outer 

 side. The four species hitherto described agree in the possession of 

 pedunculated avicularia, one for each zocecium. One of the 

 puzzhng things about the K. arahianensis was the apparent lack 

 of these structures. After a close and painstaking search three 

 zooecia were found, each of which possessed one. Whether the 

 rest of the material is mutilated in this respect it is impossible to 

 say. The union between these avicularia and the margin of the 

 zooecia is extremely delicate and may have been broken, leaving 

 no trace. Certain it is that no traces of their former presence 

 are visible. It is further noted that in this species the pedun- 

 culated avicularia are attached to the inside border, where- 

 as in other species reported i\\ey are attached to the outside 

 border. 



In the discussion mentioned above Busk makes a point of the 

 structure of the peduncle, considering it to be a specialized, highly 

 differentiated structure, formed by a coalescence of radicle fibres. 

 In the species he describes, the peduncle consists of transparent, 

 homogeneous tissue, homologous, according to that investigator, 

 with an internode of a root fibre. In the Arabian species the 

 peduncle is a more primitive structure, consisting as does that of 

 some Bugulas, its near relatives, of an intermixture of root fibres 

 and zooecia, the former twisting about the somewhat rigid zocecia 

 for a considerable distance before the stem thus formed divides 

 into several branches. One root fibre at least continues upward 

 on the dorsal side of each branch, while at the base the main stem 

 again divides into a few coarse fibres, these into smaller and 



