234 Records of the Indian Museum. [Vol. XXII, 



accounts of these organs is that given by Baudelot (1863, pp. 218- 

 220, pi. V, figs. 16-20). Erlanger (1891, p. 664) in his descrip- 

 tion claims to have followed Baudelot and to have reproduced 

 his illustration of this system. But a comparison of the two 

 figures serves to show how misleading the results of such a 

 procedure may be, for Erlanger {I.e., fig. 3) shows no trace of the 

 duct of the albumen gland, though this is clearly seen in Baude- 

 lot's figure [I.e., fig. 16). 



In Vivipara hengalensis , the ovary consists of a few small 

 scattered follicles along the commencement of the oviduct. It is 

 of a red-brown colour and so in spite of its small size can be 

 distinguished from the liver tissue : it lies in the third body-whorl, 

 in close contact with the posterior wall of the cardiac region of the 

 stomach and along the course of the hepatic artery. The various 

 follicles contain numerous small ova, which have a diameter of 

 o 02i-0'025 mm. The oviduct passes downwards as a fine tube, 

 also of a red-brown colour, to the lower margin of the liver and is 

 then continued on along the floor of the pericardial cavit}' on the 

 right of the oesophagus. At this point it is joined by the short 

 wide duct of the albumen gland. This gland is situated just 

 below the skin on the right of the pericardium. It is connected 

 by a thin fold of membrane with the loop of the intestine on the 

 upper surface of the pericardium and the rectum passes forwards 

 and downwards along its superficial aspect, which is grooved to 

 receive it. Below, the gland is intimately bound down to the 

 U-shaped egg-shell gland, or receptaculum seminis as it is 

 usually termed. The albumen gland is tongue-shaped and 

 slightly curved. It is of a bright orange-red colour and its apex 

 is in contact with the lower surface of the liver. From its inner 

 and posterior border a wide duct arises which passes backwards 

 internal to the first part of the egg-shell gland and joins the 

 oviduct. The combined duct is theu continued downwards 

 and inwards for a short distance and then turns back again 

 towards the apex of the visceral hump. This portion of the duct 

 is of a brown colour and it can be traced to the lower and inner 

 limb of the egg-shell gland, into which it opens at its extreme 

 end on a smooth rounded papilla. 



The egg-shell gland is, as already mentioned, a wide U-shaped 

 tube the walls of which have a yellow-brown colour very similar 

 to that of the liver. The ascending limb of the U is at first 

 narrow, but as it passes upwards towards the liver it gradually 

 dilates and then turns sharply round on itself and passes down- 

 wards again on the right of the ascending limb and in close 

 contact with the shell. On opening the tube, the inner wall is 

 seen to be thick and glandular and is thrown into a series of folds. 

 At first these folds run parallel to the length of the tube, but as 

 we trace them up they become more and more oblique curving 

 towards the right and in the descending limb of the gland they 

 lun spirally. On the posterior aspect of the descending limb a 

 smooth whitish ridge with a gutter on its right side can be seen to 



