1921.] N. Annandai.e & C. Dover: Fauna of Barkuda 1 . 359 



27 were of the variety without red markings, 5 corresponded to 

 Prof. Punnett's "Int. II" series, and a single individual to his 

 "Int. I." Our observations in the field also show that the 

 "no red" males are the most abundant, while the "red" or 

 "Int. I" males are very scarce. The scarcity of males with red 

 markings may be connected to some extent with the comparatively 

 hot and dry climate of Barkuda, but further investigations are 

 necessary. 



We obtained no direct evidence as to the utility of mimicry 

 in this species. Papilio hector is fairly common but never very 

 abundant on the island, while P. aristolochiae is usually rare, 

 although it became common in September and October, 1920. 

 Both species are, however, common in the neighbouring districts; 

 neither breeds habitually on Barkuda, and both are capable of 

 flying over from the mainland. Indeed, even P. polytes was 

 frequently observed doing so, though it certainly breeds in 

 considerable numbers in the thickets of Glycosmis that cover 

 a large part of the island. In our opinion its abundance is pro- 

 bably due not so much to any special freedom from attack bestowed 

 upon it by its polymorphic and "mimetic" females as to the 

 abundance of its food-plants both as larva and as imago, the scar- 

 city of competitors, and its skill in threading its way through the 

 dense branches and foliage of the shrubs. 



The observation that Euploea core, which has a distinct 

 resemblance on the wing to the male and cyrus form of P. polytes, 

 is attracted to apparent but not prolonged rivalry by the court- 

 ship of the Papilio is not without interest in suggesting speculations 

 as to the role of colouration in the sexual life of butterflies. 

 The female in the instances in which this was noted was of the 

 romulus form.' 



LIST OF THE SPECIES OF BARKUDA. 



Family Nymphalidae. 



Danais litnniace, Cram. 

 Danais plexippus, Linn. 

 Danais chrysipMis, Linn. 

 Euploea core. Cram. 

 Mycalesis visnla, Moore. 

 M elanitis leda ismene, Cram. 

 Eulepis athamas, Drury. 

 Neptis hylas astola, Moore. 

 Jtmonia leinonias, T.inn. 

 Junoiiia orithyia, Linn. 

 Jtmonia alniana, Linn. 

 Vanessa cardui, Linn. 

 Hypolinnias bolina, Linn. 

 HypoHmnas misippus, Linn. 



Atella phalanta, Drury. 

 Tele hint a violae, Fab. 



Family Papilionidae. 

 Papilio hector, Linn. 

 Papilio aristolochiae, Fab. 

 Patilio deniolcus, Linn. 

 Papilio polytes romulus, Cram. 

 Papilio nomius, Esp. 

 Papilio doson eleius, Fruh. 



Family Pieridae. 

 Leptosia xiphia, Fab. 

 Anaphaeis ntesentina, Cram. 

 Huphina neris^a cva^ete, Cram. 

 Appias libythea, Fab. 



' See Eltringham, Trans. Ent. Soc. Land, 1919, pp. 1-49. 



