Tg2i.] B. Prashad : Switalran Molluscs. 475 



had published critical notes of the Victorian species of Bidlinus 

 but his conclusions do not seem to be quite correct. He separated, 

 with Tate,' a group of species in which the columella has no fold 

 (Isidora with Isidorella as a synonj^m) fioni others with a distinct 

 columellar fold (Bullinus). The name Isidora, howeverj as Cook - 

 and Annandale have shown is strictl}^ synonymous with Bullinus, 

 and Hedley's conclusions, therefore, are inaccurate so far as it is 

 concerned. The position, so far as can be judged from the avail- 

 able literature and the material at mj' disposal, is as follows : — 

 The name Bullinus ^ under the circumstances should be reserved 

 for the more globose type of shells without anj' or with a poorly 

 developed columellar fold ; this will include the genus Isidorella, 

 Tate, or what Hedley designated as Isidora ; while the more elong- 

 ate shells with Limnaea-\\ke facies and with a distinctly produced 

 spire and with the characteristic columellar fold may be separated 

 as Physastra, Tapparone-Canefri.* It is possible that this name 

 may be synonymous with the much earlier name Pyrgophysd, 

 Crosse,' but there is much uncertainty- as to the structure of the 

 type-species P. mariei. So far as the form of the shell is con- 

 cerned Pyhsastra seems to bear the same relation to Bullinus 

 as Aplccta does to Pliysa, but there is clearly less anatomical differ- 

 ence. 



I regard Physastra as a genus rather than a subgenus of 

 Bullinus as the difference between the two genera are, in my opi- 

 nion, of sufificient importance to separate them as such. They are, 

 however, very closely related. As understood by me the genus 

 Physastra would include P. vestita, Tapparone-Canefri, from New 

 Guinea, the species sumatrana, ovalina, minahassae, iimorensis, 

 celebensis and stagnalis from the Dutch East Indies referred to the 

 genus Isidora by v Martens [loc. cit., pp. 6-1 1), Bollinger's badae 

 and doubtfully sarsinorum " and probably most of the long-spired 

 forms known from Australia and the adjoining islands and cata- 

 logued by Tate and Brazier,'' Smith,' Cocke, Hedley and Suter." 

 It is not, however, possible for me with the limited material at ms'' 

 disposal to go into the question in greater detail. 



The only specimens of this genus collected by Mr. den Doop 

 belong to a new species which I have described as P. doopi. 



I Rep. Huni-Exped. Zool. II, p. 21J (i8q6). 



* Proc.Zool. Soc. Loudon, pp. 136-143 (1889). 



^ 1 agree with Dr. Annandale in adopting the generic name Bullinus instead 

 of Isidora in spite of what Kennard and Woodw.ird have said [Pyoc. Malacol. 

 Soc. London Xl\'. pp, 86-88 (1920)] because of the wide usage of this name in 

 medical nomenclature. See also Nature \'ol. 106, p. 251 (October 1920). 



* Ann. .1/us. Civ. Stov. Nat. Genova, XiX, p. 245 (1883). 



= Journ. Conchyliol. 3rd ser. XI.X. pp. 208, 209 I 1879) and .XX, pp. 141, 

 ! J.2, pi. iv, fig. 5 (1880). 



" Rev. Suiss. Zool. .XXII, pp. 570-572. pi. xviii, figs. 7 (o, b) and 8 (a, b) 

 -.914}. 



1 Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. Wales, \'\. pp. ■: 52-569 (1881). 

 ' 'Journ. Linn. Soc. London {Zool.i, XV'I, p. 275 (1882). 

 ^ Man. New Zealand Moll. pp. 610-615 (1913). 



