igai.] ManipHr Molluscs. 545 



are about six rather more delicate spiral ridges. The mouth is 

 rather small, subovalj oblique, and from 1} to if times as high as 

 broad. It is evenly rounded below and obliquely, bluntly pointed 

 above. The peristome is not continuous. The outer lip is thin, 

 evenly and broadly arched. Its outhne is rendered irregular by 

 the ends of the spiral ridges. The columella is arched, slightly la- 

 minated and retroverted, of a bluish white colour. The umbilicus 

 is rimately perforate. The interior of the shell is faintly tinged 

 with bluish white. 



The following are the measurements in millimetres of the five 

 shells in the type-series : — 



Height .. ..26 26 23 21 20 



Max. diam. .. .. 20-5 lO 17 17 16 



Height of aperture (oblique) 14 12-3 12 12 12 

 Max. diam. of aperture .. il 9-5 8-5 q 7-5 



The operculum is very thin, of broadly ovate outline, broadly 

 and rather deeply concave on the external surface. The scar, 

 which is situated much nearer the inner than the outer margin, is 

 not greatly thickened but much deeper in colour than the rest of 

 the structure and surrounded by an opaque whitish ring. The 

 external sculpture consists of fine concentric striae, the margin is 

 very thin and slightly recurved. 



The edge of the mantle Is thin, with a fairly well-developed 

 superior sphincter muscle. Minute papillae are present on the 

 margin, corresponding in position to the coarse spiral ridges of the 

 shell, but they are rather hard to detect in preserved material. 



The radula is like that of V . bengalensis, but the lobular cen- 

 tral process of the central and marginals is triangular and the 

 lateral denticulations of the same teeth fewer and shorter. 



Type-series. — No. M 11738/2 Zool. Surv. Ind. (Ind. Mus.). 



Locality. — The five shells which form the tj'pe-series were pur- 

 chased in the bazaar at Imphal in a living state by Mr. Sundar 

 L,al Hora with living specimens of Paludomus pusttilosa, sp. nov. 

 They were said to have been brought from the Chakpi stream in 

 the south of the Manipur valley near the Burmese frontier. I have 

 not seen living specimens. 



Affinities. — The species is allied to V . bengalensis doliaris from 

 Burma but the spiral ridges are much more strongly developed 

 and less darkened, the body-whorl is not at all biangulate and the 

 colour is brighter and deeper. Unfortunately we know nothing of 

 its habits with certainty but its occurrence with a Paludomus of 

 the conica group would suggest that it is possibly fluviatile rather 

 than paludine. It has no real relation to V. oxytropis in spite of 

 its superficial resemblance on account of the thickened spiral rid- 

 ges ; for the base of the shell is not at all flattened but distinctlj- 

 tumid, while the apical portion is conoidal rather than conical, and 

 the peripheral ridge is no more prominent than the others. The 

 resemblance to certain Chinese and Philippine shells is probably 

 quite suoerficial. 



