NO. 1 OSBURN : EASTERN PACIFIC BRYOZOA CHEILOSTOMATA 7 



Proximal. Directed toward the point of origin of the zooecium. 



Radicle. A root-like structure in certain Anasca, serving for attach- 

 ment, usually consisting of a series of kenozooecia. 



Sclerite. A marginal or other thickening of the operculum or mandible. 



Septulae. Very small communication pores in the zooecial walls ; they 

 are either scattered singly, or aggregated in groups (uniporous or multi- 

 porous rosette plates ) . 



Spicule. A small spine without an internal canal. 



Spine. A hollow projection, more or less elongate, either open or closed 

 at the tip, marginal or oral. 



Stolon. A creeping stem, consisting of kenozooecia, from which zooecia 

 may arise. 



Tentacles. Long ciliated projections around the mouth, serving to di- 

 rect the food. 



Umbo. A prominence on the frontal area usually a short distance 

 proximal to the aperture (in the Anasca usually limited to the Cribri- 

 morpha). 



Unguiculate. Shaped like a claw or talon. 



Vibraculum. A highly modified avicularium, in which the long lash- 

 like mandible can be moved in various directions. 



Vicarious. Referring to avicularia occupying a place in the zooecial 

 series (interzooecial). 



BRYOZOA Ehrenberg 1831 



This is a very distinct phylum of the Invertebrata, separated by a 

 number of important characters. The name was suggested by the erect, 

 moss-like appearance of the colonies of some of the species, but as a mat- 

 ter of fact, most of the species are encrusting and more like lichens than 

 mosses in their manner of growth. The term "Polyzoa," which is still 

 in use by English authors, was applied in 1 830 by J. V. Thompson and 

 thus antedates Ehrenberg's name for the group, but has been generally 

 discarded on the ground that Thompson did not use this term as a class 

 name. 



Cori (1929) separated the Entoprocta from the Bryozoa to form a 

 distinct phylum Kamptozoa. Whether this arrangement will finally be 

 accepted or not need not concern us here, as the bryozoologists will no 

 doubt continue to include them in their studies. 



With a few exceptions among the Entoprocta, the Bryozoa are highly 

 colonial, budding in various ways (terminal, lateral, dorsal, frontal, 

 stolonate) to produce colonies which frequently consist of many thousands 



