90 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 14 



thick. The membrane covers the whole frontal surface, as the gymnocyst 

 is vestigial. The heavily calcified, granular cryptocyst is broad proximally 

 and extends around the opesia, narrowly on its distal border. The opesia 

 occupies about half the length of the front, more or less rounded, but 

 usually a little broader than long (length 0.30 to 0.38 mm, width 0.33 

 to 0.40 mm). Within the opesia, below its distal border is a calcified 

 shelf, the "occlusar-lamina" of Harmer, to which the opercular occlusal 

 muscles are attached. Just above the proximal ends of these laminae are 

 rounded knobs, often wanting, which present the appearance of cardelles, 

 but as they lie much below the level of the operculum, even in the 

 contracted state, their function is problematical. There are four or six 

 tall tubular spines, with dark joints, on the distal rim ; rarely one of these 

 is short-bifurcate. 



The avicularia are proportionately small, median, triangular, fused 

 with the border of the distal rim and pointing forward (length 0.15 to 

 0.18 mm) ; often wanting and apparently never present when there is 

 an ovicell. 



The ooecia are large, 0.38 to 0.42 mm wide by 0.26 to 0.30 mm long, 

 hyperstomial, cucullate with a wide open front ; the ectocyst does not quite 

 cover the endooecium and leaves a crescentic area next to the border. 



Hincks described the species from California and the Queen Char- 

 lotte Islands; Robertson listed it from southern California, and O'Dono- 

 ghue from numerous localities in British Columbia. 



In the Hancock collections it is abundantly represented at 38 stations, 

 from the coast of Oregon to Thurloe Head, Lower California; from 

 shallow water to 47 fms. 



Ghapperia condylata Canu and Bassler, 1930 

 Plate 10, fig.4- 



Chapperia condylata Canu and Bassler, 1930:44. 



The zoaria form reddish to deep purple irregular incrustations on 

 various objects. The zooecia are moderate in size, 0.35 to 0.45 mm wide 

 by 0.40 to 0.50 mm long, ogival in form, the mural rim erect and not 

 spreading out laterally as it does in C. patula. The gymnocyst is vestigial, 

 only large enough to support the avicularia in the proximal corners; the 

 cryptocyst broad proximally and extends forward around the sides of the 

 opesia. The mural rim is moderately thick and elevated on the distal 

 border. The opesia is noticeably transverse, 0.28 to 0.30 mm wide by 

 0.18 to 0.22 mm long, though occasionally more nearly round. Within 

 the opesia are the "occlusar-laminae" and at their proximal ends are 



