NO. 1 OSBURN : EASTERN PACIFIC BRYOZOA CHEILOSTOMATA 93 



Other at their tips and also with the large lateral-oral spines to form a 

 shield in which there are several (3 to 5) elongated fenestrae. In addi- 

 tion there is a pair of widely separated distal oral spines which are round 

 and more or less erect ; when ooecia are present these spines fuse to some 

 extent with the sides of the ovicells. 



The ooecium is characteristic of the genus, large (0.20 mm wide), 

 prominent, cucullate and wide open at the aperture, smooth, and the 

 ectooecium is not quite complete leaving a triangular area immediately 

 above the opening. The fused tips of the lateral-oral spines sometimes 

 extend beyond the ovicell. Reproduction begins early in the colony forma- 

 tion with the second or third row of zooecia; the largest colony consists 

 of only 36 zooecia of which 24 bear ovicells. 



The ancestrula is membraniporoid, the opesia occupying the whole 

 of the front, and with 3 rather strong erect spines on each side. 



Type, AHF no. 23. 



Type locality, Sta. 473, oflF Hood Island, Galapagos, 1°22'40''S, 

 89°37'0O"W, 75 fms, two colonies on a cinder. Also at Sta. 461, ofl 

 Tagus Cove, Albemarle Island, Galapagos, 80 fms, one colony on a coral 

 fragment; and Sta. 406, 1°03'30"S, 90°17'30"W, 60 fms, one colony 

 on a coralline fragment. 



Ghapperia longispina new species 

 Plate 10, figs. 6 and 7 



Zoarium encrusting, white, the zooecial characters, obscured by the 

 close array of tall, slender white spines. The zooecia are of moderate 

 size, 0.45 to 0.60 mm long by 0.40 to 0.45 mm wide; closely set; the 

 walls high but not conspicuously flaring. The gymnocyst is usually limited 

 to the area covered by the base of the avicularium > the cryptocyst broad 

 proximally, decreasing in width to the level of the operculum ; the opesia 

 is more or less rounded (about 0.30 mm in each dimension), the occlusar- 

 lamina moderately developed and no indication of condyles. There are 

 usually 4, occasionally 6, tall, tubular oral spines, slender only in com- 

 parison with their length, the longest measuring as much as 0.90 mm, 

 the average being about 0.70 mm. The spines are all nearly erect, never 

 more than slightly curved, and the distal pair is not lost in the presence 

 of an ovicell. 



The avicularia are of two kinds. In the absence of an ovicell the 

 avicularium on the basal gymnocyst is only slightly elevated and has a 

 short-triangular mandible. When an ooecium is developed, the avicu- 

 larium distal to it rises in tubular form to the height of the ooecium ; the 



