160 ALLAN HANCOCK PACIFIC EXPEDITIONS VOL. 14 



Bugula avicularia (Linnaeus), 1758 



Bugula avicularia, Hincks, 1884:5. 

 Bugula avicularia, O'Donoghue, 1923 :20. 

 Bugula avicularia, Hastings, 1930:703. 



This species, recorded by Hincks and by O'Donoghue from several 

 shorewise localities in British Columbia is close to B. calif ornica Robert- 

 son. Both have turbinate colonies with biserial branches; the aperture 

 occupies nearly all of the frontal length ; the avicularia are situated at or 

 beyond the middle of the zooecia, and the ovicells are similar. On the 

 other hand, the avicularia of californica are shorter and more robust, 

 with a shorter and more decurved beak, and there are usually two well- 

 developed inner distal spines. 



It is a species of northern distribution ; in Europe from the Arctic to 

 the Bay of Biscay ; it has been only doubtfully recorded from the eastern 

 coast of North America, and O'Donoghue (1925) did not find it in 

 Puget Sound. Hastings lists it from Balboa, Canal Zone, but calls atten- 

 tion to certain differences. It has not appeared in the Hancock dredgings. 



Genus GAULIBUGULA Verrill, 1900 



Genotype, Caulibugula armata Verrill, 1900. 



Bugulas with jointed stalks, the joints consisting of kenozooecia of 

 varying length. The proximal zooecia of the branches usually differ more 

 or less from distal ones. The ovicells are often incomplete and are attached 

 near the inner corner of the zooecia and turned somewhat sidewise. The 

 zooecia are more narrowed toward the base than in Bugula and the opesia 

 is shorter, usually not more than half of the frontal area. 



The species of this genus have usually been referred to Stirparia 

 Goldstein, 1880, and Stirpariella Harmer, 1923, but Goldstein's use of 

 the name was preoccupied by Leuckart 1841. Verrill's name Caulibugula 

 was overlooked for many years and Stirpariella is a synonym. 



Key to Species of Caulibugula 



1. Aperture turned upward, 4 or 5 spines at the outer corner. . ciliata 

 Aperture in line with the frontal surface, 2 or 3 spines at the 



outer corner 2 



2. Aperture occupying half of the frontal surface, avicularia half 



way up the side occidentalis 



Aperture occupying three-fourths or more of the frontal sur- 

 face, avicularia near base californica 



