NO. 3 OSBURN : EASTERN PACIFIC BRYOZOA CYCLOSTOMATA 735 



Family GlaVOpOridae Soule, new family 



Zoaria erect, arising from a basal plate. Each zoarium is differentiated 

 into two anatomically distinct portions, a capitulum composed of auto- 

 zoids supported by an annulated peduncle composed of muscular keno- 

 zoids. Zoaria may be solitary or in groups but are never compound. 

 The aperture of each zooecium is similar to that found in the family 

 Alcyonidiidae, and is usually located at the center of a small papillate 

 process. The presence of two anatomically distinct regions within a 

 zoarium, a situation not found elsewhere in the carnose families, justifies 

 the proposal of a new family. 



Genus CLAVOPORA Busk, 1874 



Zoaria usually small, erect, coriaceous, clavate, arising from basal 

 discs. As noted above, each zoarium has an annulated peduncle of 

 muscular kenozooecia capable of bending and flexing the erect portion 

 of the colony in any direction, and a capitulum of functional autozooecia 

 capable of feeding and reproduction. The kenozooecia of the annulated 

 peduncle are arranged in a series of rings, the central portion of the 

 peduncle being a hollow fluid-filled tube. This tube forms a communica- 

 tion between each feeding autozoid of the hollow capitulum and the 

 muscular kenozooecia. Fluid containing dissolved nutriments and cel- 

 lular elements may pass into the kenozooecia by means of minute simple 

 pores (septulae) located in the internal zoid walls. The musculature of 

 the kenozooecia consists of modified parietal muscles that run parallel 

 to the long axis of the peduncle. Contraction of the muscles on one side, 

 with reciprocal relaxation of the musculature of the opposite side, will 

 bend the entire erect portion of the colony. In the capitulum, at the 

 apex of the peduncle, the autozoids are densely packed. On the outer 

 wall of the capitulum the cuticle is comparatively thick and leathery. 

 The lateral walls and the internal walls of the zooecia, submerged within 

 the body of the capitulum, are, in contrast, thin, lightly chitinized, and 

 delicate in appearance. Genotype: Clavopora hystricis Busk, 1874. 



Glavopora occidentalis (Fewkes), 1889 

 Plate 78, fig. 3 



Ascorhiza occidentalis Fewkes, 1889:1. 

 Ascorhiza occidentalis, Robertson, 1902:106. 

 Ascorhiza occidentalis, O'Donoghue, 1923:192. 

 Clavopora occidentalis, O'Donoghue, 1926:57. 



