92 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



appoint Murray as "Captain General and Governor-in-Chief " : by 

 his Commission he was commanded to administer the prescribed oaths 

 "to the Lieutenant-Governors of Montreal and Trois Rivières" and 

 by his instructions to call to his Council (amongst others) the "persons 

 whom we have appointed to be our Lieutenant Governors of Montreal 

 and Trois Rivières."^ 



After the Constitutional Act of 1791, a Governor-General was 

 appointed for all Canada and a Lieutenant-Governor for each Province 

 who had during the absence from his Province of the Governor- 

 General (substantially) all the powers of the Governor-General — this 

 Governor-General was also from and after 1786 Governor of the Mari- 

 time Provinces each of which had its own Lieutenant-Governor with 

 the same powers as a Lieutenant-Governor of Upper or Lower Canada. 

 In the Canadas this arrangement came to an end on the coming into 

 force in 1841 of the Union Act, but it continued in the Maritime 

 Provinces until Confederation. All these appointments rested with 

 the Home Administration, and the B.N.A. Act was a departure from 

 the existing practice. 



Section 69. "There shall be a Legislature for Ontario consisting 

 of the Lieutenant-Governor and of one House, styled the Legislative 

 Assembly of Ontario." 



action 71. "There shall be a Legislature for Quebec consisting 

 of the Lieutenant-Governor and of two Houses, styled the Legis- 

 lative Council of Quebec and the Legislative Assembly of Quebec." 



Section 88. "The Constitution of the Legislature of each of the 

 Provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick shall subject to the 

 provisions of this Act, continue as it exists at the Union until altered 

 under the authority of this Act." 



We have seen that until 1792, there were not two Houses of 

 Parliament in Canada, that the Constitutional Act of 1791 pro- 

 vided for a double chamber and that this continued under the Union 

 Act of 1840, and was in force at the time of Confederation. Nova 

 Scotia and New Brunswick also had two chambers.^ 



1 Shortt & Doughty pp. 127, 133. There were also officers sometimes called 

 Lieutenant Governors, but more usually Governors of "Detroit and its dependencies" 

 and of Michillimackinack. By the time the Proclamation of 1763 had become 

 effective (August 1764), Col. Burton had succeeded Gen. Gage in Montreal and had 

 himself been succeeded in Three Rivers by Col. Fred. Haldimand, by himself for a 

 time and by Col. Fred. Haldimand again. 



* Nova Scotia still has two Chambers as has Quebec: all the other Provinces 

 have one Chamber only. It may be convenient to set out here the course of con- 

 stitutional development. 



Manitoba was organized in 1870 with two Chambers, but she abolished her 

 Legislative Council in 1876 by 39 Vict. C. 18 (Man.). 



