110 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



cortical tissue of the fossilizing marsh plant. At one point there is a 

 horizontal zig-zag line marking off the more wrinkled lower region 

 (of the root) from the upper smoother surface. On this latter surface 

 one can clearly see oblique rows or spirals, of small rounded leaf 

 scars, wide apart. The leaf scars alternate with one another, above 

 and below, or are quincuncially placed. 



"Thus in one continuous impression we have an aerial stem 

 showing leaf scars (of Cyclostigma) with a sharp line of demarcation 

 from the forking Stigmarian rhizome . . . The horizontal streak 

 represents the ground or mud-level of the marshy soil in which the 

 plant grew. The leaf scar region shows the zonation to which I have 

 called attention previouly as a sign of Calamarian affinity. Also the 

 impression abundantly justifies the view that Bothrodendrom (Cyclos 

 tigma) passes at its base into a typical Stigmarian stump. 



Cone and Fruit. 



"Recent quarrying has also yielded interesting material of the 

 cone of this species which was not a desiduous sessile one, leaving a 

 lHodendroid scar, as restoration of (other) species of the genus 

 (Bothrodendron) have shown, but that it was born on a well developed 

 stalk, which shows the ordinary leaf scars, continued to the very base 

 of the cone. Its axis is short and thick and bears numerous closely 

 arranged sporophylls. These consist of a broadened fertile proximal 

 portion, lying horizontally at right angles to the axis of the cone, and 

 an upturned filamentous, or awl shaped distal portion, similar to the 

 ordinary vegetative leaf. The dichotomous branching giving two 

 stalked cones, is strictly comparable with the forking of the vegetative 

 shoot. One specimen in fact shows a forked shoot, one limb of which 

 is vegetative, while the other ends in a cone. 



"The cone is heterosporous like that of Lepidostrobus. The 

 lower sporophylls are female and each bears a large sessile mega- 

 sporangium, containing a number of megaspores. The upper sporo- 

 phylls are male and their sporangias contain microspores. The cone 

 is Lepidostrobus — like and not Selaginella-like as in Bothrodendron 

 mnndum described (as regards the cone) by Watson. 



Distribution. 



"A. C. Seward in his "Fossil Botany" says that 5. (C) Kiltorkense 

 was prevalent in Devonian and to a less exent in Lower Carboniferous 

 time, wherever in the world there was a suitable land — habitat. 



