112 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



which is connected with parichnos and bundle strands, or with internal 

 schlerotic bands. The calami toid appearance of such stems is in- 

 creased by the presence of horizontal or transverse ridges coincident 

 with the surface of the leaf scars and suggestive of nodes or dia- 

 I)hragms. The calamitous features show it to be nearer the common 

 ancestral type of the Lepidophytse and Equisetitae than Lepidoden- 

 dron or Sigillaria. 



In the very full account of Haugh ton's Cyclostignia Kiltorkense, 

 given by Professor Johnson in the preceding excerpts from his articles, 

 we have a picture of an early and most interesting type of Lycopod 

 that cannot but be most useful to the student of early forms of Land 

 Vegetation, and the more valuable because well-preserved land plants, 

 of the epochs preceding the Carboniferous, are so rarely found. 



GiNKGOPHYLLUM KiLTORKENSE n. sp. (PI. IV., Fig. 3 and 5). 

 By T. Johnson, D.Sc, F.L.S. 



(Professor of Botany at Royal College of Science of Ireland.) 

 (Read February, 1914.) 



"The discovery of ciliated antherozoids in 1896 by Harasi in 

 Ginkgo biloba, justified the separation of this genus from the rest of 

 the Coniferse, with their serial mode of fertilization by non-motile 

 male nuclei, and the institution of the group Ginkgophyta or Ginkgo- 

 acese. Ginkgoaceae were at their zenith in the Middle Jurassic in 

 Baiera; then there were twenty species, some as far north as 79° N.lat. 

 Less known in Palaeozoic rocks, there is one known from the Permian 

 of Lodève Gm^go Grasseti, Saporta (PI. IV, Fig. 4) seems nearest to 

 G. biloba itself. In the Fossil Flora of Great Britain Lindley & 

 Hutton described and figured Nœggerathia fabellata, later the type of 

 Schimper's genus Psygmophyllum , to include forms with wedge-shaped 

 or fan-shaped leaves, traversed by dichotomously divided veins, 

 passing by a few strands into the leaf stalk, formed by gradually 

 tapering of the laminae. Of this type Nathorst found Psygmophyllum 

 Williamsoni sp. n. in the Upper Devonian of Spitzbergen. This is the 

 earliest known of this type. 



"Whittleseya is another genus, highly suggestive of Ginkgo. It 

 has several representatives in the Carboniferous strata of Pennsyl- 

 vania. Archœopteris archœtypus Schmall. has Psygmophylloid 

 pinnules. 



