[huntsman] fishes OF THE CANADIAN ATLANTIC COAST 63 



condition of the waters of this gulf during the summer has therefore 

 been thoroughly investigated. 



On considering the vertical distribution of the fishes in the gulf 

 of St. Lawrence we find a similar stratification. In the deep channels 

 there are only a few species, and most of these are restricted to the 

 deep water. They are, on the bottom the four-bearded rockling 

 {Enchelyopus cimhrius), the grenadier {Marcrurus hairdii), the hagfish 

 (Myxine limosa), the thorny skate {Rata radiatd), the sole {Glypto- 

 cephalus cynoglossus) and probably also the angler {Lophius pisca- 

 torius) ; in mid-water the rose-fish {Sehastes mar inns) . 



On the banks, including all the deeper portions of the Magdalen 

 shallows, which are covered by the intermediate layer of ice-cold 

 water, we find a very different and more numerous fish fauna. The 

 species that characterize it are, the plaice {Hippoglossoides plates- 

 soldes), the sole, the thorny skate, the cod {Gadus callarias), Stichaeus 

 punctatiis, Leptohlennius serpentinus, Neoliparis atlanticiis, Aspido- 

 phoroides monopterygius, Triglops ommatistius and CentridermichtJiys 

 uncinat^is. 



In the warm layer of surface water another assemblage of fishes 

 is to be met with, consisting in the open of the mackerel (Scomber 

 scomhrus) and perhaps also the dog-fish {Squalus acanthias) , and along 

 shore of many species, such as the cunner {{Tautogolahrus adspersus) , 

 the grubby {Myoxocephalus aeneus), the eel (Anguilla vulgaris), the 

 sand flounder (Lophopsetta maculata), the pipe-fish {Siphostoma fus- 

 cum), the butter-fish (Pholis gunnellus), the smelt {Osmerus mordax), 

 and young flounders {Pseudopleur on ectes americanus). 



Another fauna characterizes an intermediate zone between the 

 warm surface water and the ice-cold water of the banks. Its members 

 tend to invade one or both of these strata but occur predominantly 

 between them. In the open is the herring {Cliipea harengus) and on 

 the bottom the haddock (Melanogrammus aeglifinus), the hake 

 (Urophycis tenuis and chuss), the dab (Limanda ferruginea), adult 

 flounders, the mutton-fish (Zoarces anguillaris) , the wolf-fish {Anar- 

 hichas lupus), the lump fish {Cyclopterus lumpus), the sculpin, (My- 

 oxocephalus octodecimspinosus) , the barn-door skate {Raia laevis), 

 the eyed skate (Raia ocellata), and the tobacco-box (Raia erinacea). 



A fifth fauna forms the estuarial transition from the shore waters 

 to the fresh water and it consists of the following species, the smooth 

 flounder (Liopsetta putnami), the white perch (Morone americana), 

 the sand-smelt (Menidia notata), the mummichog (Fundtdus hetero- 

 clitus), and the stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). 



Let us compare this definitely stratified condition of the fish 

 fauna of the gulf of St. Lawrence with that of the bay of Fundy, as 



