Section IV, 1918 [149] Trans. R.S.C. 



A Contribution to the Evolution and Morphology of the Human Skull, 



including a comparative "Study of the Crania of certain 



Fossil HominidcB 



By John Cameron, M.D., D.Sc, F.R.S.E. 



Presented by C. Gordon Hewitt, D.Sc, F. R.S.C. 



(Read May >yleeting, 1918) 



Huxley,^ Flower,^ Turner,^ Humphry,* and Cleland" may be 

 justly regarded as the founders of the modern British School of cra- 

 niometry, for they were among the first to recognize the value of 

 taking methodical measurements of the skull, and thus rendered 

 yeoman service in raising this to the level of a definite science. It 

 would, however, be somewhat derogatory to the very powerful and 

 influential French School were one not to mention and likewise pay 

 homage to the brilliant work also done on the human skull by such 

 famous morphologists as Daubenton,^ Cuvier,^ St. Hilaire,^ Broca,^ de 

 Quatrefages,^" Topinard," and many others. A tribute must also be 

 paid to the pioneer work performed by Camper,^- Huschke,^^ Froriep,^* 

 Merkel,^^ Gegenbauer,^^ Virchow^^ and Welcker,^^ and also to the 

 more recent researches on craniometry carried out by Schwalbe^® 

 and Klaatsch.^" The literature on the subject is now immense, and 



^ Lectures on. Comparative Anatomy, London, 1865. 



^ Catalogue of Museum of Roy. College of Surg. Museum, London, 1879. 

 3 and 22 Reports of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger, 1880-1895, Vol. X. Zoology. 



* A Treatise on the Human Skeleton, 1858. 



^ On the Variations of the Human Skull, Trans. Roy. Soc. Loud., 1869. 



" I have been unable to consult his work, published in 1764. 



"^Histoire Naturelle des Animaux, Paris, 1798-1799. 



^ Philosophie Anatomique, Paris, 1818-20. 



^ Instructions Craniologiques et Craniométriques, Paris, 1875. 

 '0 Crania Ethnica, 1873-1881. 

 " Eléments d'Anthropologie générale. 



12 1722-1789. He devised a "facial angle" and a "method of projection." 

 • 1' Schàdel, Hirn und Seele, 1854. 



'* Characteristik des Kopfes nach dem Entwickelungsgsetz desselben, 1845. 



16 Entwickelung des menschlichen Schadels, 1882. 



^^ Elements of Compar. Anatomy (Eng. Trans.). 



1^ Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie, 1882. 



^^ Archiv fur Anthropologie, vol. XVI. 



^^ Zeitschrift fur Morph und Anthrop. Vol. 1. Pt. 1. 1899. 



'^'>Ergebnisse der Anat and Entwick. (M. & B.). Vol. XH, 1903. 



