88 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



It is also possible that PUGWASH, name of an important River of Northern 

 Nova t^colia, POPELOGAN, name of a small River of Southern New Brunswick, 

 and POCKAN'OCK, name of a large lake of central Nova Scotia, also involve the 

 root POK or POOK, meaning NARROW; but these names are held for con- 

 sideration along with the word POKWAGAMUS in the next number of this 



Other Acadian Place-names involving the root 10 K or WEOK of 



Pokiok. 



PENNIAC, from BAN-WEOK, discussed separately below. 



PAGOPSKEOK. The aboriginal Maliseet name for Little River, the stream 

 which flows into the river Saint John from the northeast just on the brink of Grand 

 Falls. The name occurs on the Hedden map of 1792 {Ms in the Canadian Archives) 

 as PAWGAOWBSKIPANK, the terminal PANK being, I am sure a copyist's 

 error for HAUK. It is also on the Bouchette map of Canada of 1831 as RAA- 

 GAOUBSKIHANK, the R being clearly a misprint for P and the N for U, two 

 of the numerous misprints of that otherwise excellent map. The same name occurs 

 in Greenleaf's early list as POGOP SKE KOK {Moses Greenleaf, Maine's First 

 Map-maker, 124). I have myself obtained is from different Indians as PAH- 

 KOPS-KEE'-OK, and a correspondent obtained it from Indians for me as PAU- 

 GOPS-KE-OK. Its meaning is given by them as FALLS RIGHT DOWN AT 

 MOUTH, or equivalent. Thus the roots of the name become plain. PAGOPSK 

 is the Maliseet word for FALLS, especially large individualistic falls as I shall later 

 show in detail. It is of course practically identical with the KOPSKVV of COBSCOOK 

 later noted (page 25). EE-OK is obviously identical with the corresponding 

 WEE-OK, or WEO-K in Pokiok (the W being a sound very easily run in Avith the 

 E), meaning RUNS OUT PLACE. The entire word is therefore PAGOPSK-Ê'0-K, 

 that is FALLS-RUNS OUT-PLACE, with River understood, or more generally 

 THE RIVER THAT RUNS OUT AT THE FALLS. As this stream empties just 

 on the brink of Grand Falls, with its vertical pitch of 77 feet, by far the largest 

 fall in eastern Canada, the appropriateness of the name is both evident and, so to 

 speak, inevitable. I think there is no question as to the correctness of this inter- 

 pretation. 



Since there are many streams called Little River in New Brunswick, it is desir- 

 able that alternative names should be brought into use ; and the name of this river 

 might well be adopted for ordinary use as PAGOPSKEOK, with the accent on the 

 second syllabic, or even as PEGOPSKEG. 



STEWIACKE. According to Rand {Reader, 99), this is a corruption of 

 SESÏKTÂWEÂK', which means WHIMPERING AND WHINING AS IT GOES 

 OUT, and precisely the same name was applied to Jordan River, Nova Scotia {op. cit 

 90). In another place, however, {Micmac-English Dictionary, 150) he gives the 

 word as SIKTÂWEAK, meaning OOZE, FLOWING IN SLOW STREAMS FROM 

 STILL WATER, or OOZING FROM DEAD WATER {op. cit. 189). Despite 

 considerable study and the acquisition of considerable material on the history of 

 the word, I have not been able to determine the first roots with certainty in adjust- 

 ment to the characteristics of the places, and thus to decide between Rand's two 

 interpretations; but there seems no doubt whatever that the word involves the 

 equivalent of our root \\'EO-K of Pokiok (page 3), with, probably also a root TA 

 meaning OUT (e.g., TAWOPSKIK, Rand, Reader, 82), thus iii<'Misifying the sig- 

 nificance of RUNS OUT. This very homology of the roots ^^ÉO-K with those in 

 Pokiok, not to mention the root TA, confirms strongly the correctness of Rand's 



