[ganong] INDIAN PLACE-NOMENCLATURE 93 



viz., BANOOÂK, signifying IT OPENS OUT, I take to be the exact original of 

 PONHOOK. 



The same name PONHOOK, is applied on our maps to the lowermost lake on 

 the Port Medway River, in southcentral Nova Scotia. In this Reader, 96, Rand 

 derives this name from BANOOK, meaning OPENING OUT, making it identical 

 with the preceding and the following. 



BANOOK. The aboriginal Micmac name of the lowermost lake on the Liver- 

 pool River in south central Nova Scotia, according to Rand {Reader, 91), now called 

 First Lake on the maps. The word appears, by the way, as PANUKE in the Morse 

 Report of 1784 {Report on Canadian Archives 1884, XXXVII). Rand states 

 {Reader, 97), that this is a common name for the first lake of a series as you go up 

 a river, the word meaning, as above noted, THE RIVER OPENS OUT INTO A 

 LAKE, and being identical with PONHOOK preceding. These are the only lakes 

 which actually bear the name, however, so far as I can discover. 



PONWAUK. The name of a deadwater on the Saint Croix River, between 

 Maine and New Brunsw^ick, extending from Kendricks Rips to King Brook, between . 

 the West Branch and the Canouse {these Transactions, XII, 1906, ii, 42). The 

 word is in constant use by the rivermen, and is known to the Indians, one of whom 

 {op. cit.) has affirmed it to mean PLACE OF QUIET WATER. I am of opinion, 

 however, that the prefix PON, is the root BAN of Penniac and Ponhook, and means 

 OPENING OUT, in description of the first quiet expansion of the river above the 

 great Forks of the two branches. But I wish to give the word further study. It 

 is probably identical with PONHOOK. 



BANOSKEK. The aboriginal Micmac name for the Entrance to Bras d'Or 

 Lake in Cape Breton, according to Rand, who gives it as BANOSKEK, and meaning 

 OPENING OUT INTO A MEADOW {Reader, 83), though he seems to interpret 

 the word somewhat differently in his Micmac- English Dictionary, 31, 180. But 

 whatever the meaning of the latter part of the word, which will yield to further study, 

 there seems no question as to the first root, which is obviously our word BAN, 

 meaning OPEN as in Penniac. It is PANOÛACH on the Jumeau map of 1685. 



In his Dictionary above cited, 180, Rand gives this same word as the Indian 

 name of Nine-mile River. 



Possibly also BANKWENOPSKW , a place in Brookfield, Nova Scotia, accord- 

 ing to Rand {Micmac-English Dictionary, 31, 180) may belong to this series. But 

 Penobsquis, in New Brunswick, has a very different origin {these Transactions, II, 

 1896, ii, 261). Possibly also Panmure Island, in Prince Edward Island involves 

 this root PAN. Benacadie, in Cape Breton, and Panacadie, the aboriginal name 

 for Halls Creek, on the Petitcodiac, New Brunswick, have probably a different 

 origin, implied by the termination acadie, later to be considered. 



PANWAAKMEKIOK, Maliseet name of the brook on the west side of the 

 Saint John about four miles above Grand Falls, as obtained for me from the Mada- 

 waska Indians, by Mr. Aaron Lawson of Edmundston. They gave its meaning 

 as WIDE PLACE RIVER, further explained as "stream at the place where the 

 river opens out wde, and banks are low." Obviously the word includes the root 

 PAN, meaning OPEN in the form of the preceding PONWAUK, and the termination 

 lOK, meaning RUNS OUT; but the intermediate MEK I cannot yet interpret. 



PANAWOPSKETCHK. In a Micmac Almanac, published in 1902 by Rev. 

 Father Pacifique, a most interesting and valuable publication, is contained a list of 

 the Indian reserves and settlements in the Maritime Provinces, with their Indian 

 names. As one of the reserves he gives Indian Point, (a place on the Northwest 

 Miramichi River a little above Redbank on the east bank), with the Indian name 



Sec. II, 1913—6 



