[ganong] INDIAN PLACE-NOMENCLATURE 103 



maps, but finding that these maps appUed to the river which flowed from it a name 

 obviously meaning "Lake," naturally assumed that the name belonged properly 

 to this lake, and attached ^t there. Just how the PECHEENEGAMOOK of Green- 

 leaf's maps became transformed to their POHENEGAMOOK I do not yet know, 

 but a part of the explanation is given by Bouchette's form above cited, viz. PECH- 

 ENEGAMOOT, which, allowing for the obvious misprint of the final T for K, differs 

 only in PECH as compared with POH ; and I have no doubt that a further know- 

 ledge of the actual maps used by the surveyors, or perhaps of earlier editions of 

 Greenleaf's map, will remove this difficulty, which will be found again, as so con- 

 stantly on all these early maps, in careless errors of copyists or engravers. Now 

 this single application of POHENEGAMOOK to the Lake might not have given 

 it a permanent name had it not been for one adventitious fact, viz. an important 

 part of the international boundary line adopted in the treaty of Peace signed in 

 1842 was made to start from the outlet to this Lake, which, therefore, had to be < 

 mentioned by name in a great Treaty, and was naturally named by the word it bore 

 on the very new and accurate maps made the preceding year. In this way the 

 name POHENEGAMOOK was given a legal status of the most prominent and 

 enduring character, and therefore the permanent place it now holds on our maps. 



The evidence in the case, however, does not rest here, but is substantiated 

 from another direction in a most satisfactory manner. After the adoption of the 

 Treaty, arrangements were made for the marking of the boundary by a joint commis- 

 sion representing the two countries concerned, and the reports of the operations 

 of the British Commission are published fully in a British Blue-book of the year 

 1845. One of the documents therein gives the instructions of Lord Aberdeen to 

 the British Commissioner, under date March 31, 1843 (page 5), and it contains this 

 passage: — "There is good reason for supposing that the lake designated in the 

 Treaty as the Lake Pohenagamook, does not in reality bear that name; but a lake 

 nearer the mouth of the St. Francis seems to be known by a somewhat similar 

 appellation." The latter lake mentioned is of course Lake PETTEIQUAGGAMAK, 

 (involving, by the way, the termination GAMAK or GAMOOK, meaning LAKE, 

 as above mentioned), now called Lac Beau, but marked by its Indian name, and 

 correctly (as will later be shown) upon many maps. Lord Aberdeen then adds, 

 "The lake, however, intended by the Treaty, is so clearly laid down in the map of 

 the United States' Surveyors Renwick, Graham, and Talcott [the surveyors of the 

 Saint Francis above-mentioned], which was before the negotiators at the time of 

 signature, and on which they caused the Line of Boundary intended by them to be 

 generally traced, that no mistake can well occur on that point." Finally, to clinch 

 the matter, we have the best of evidence that the aboriginal name of the Lake in 

 question was quite different from Pohenegamook, for on a beautiful Ms. map 

 preserved in the Government Offices at Fredericton, made in 1843 by John Wilkinson, 

 one of the most competent and trustworthy of all New Brunswick surveyors, and 

 showing all of the upper Saint John waters, this lake is named L. WEL-OG-0-NO- 

 PAY'-GAC, the river being called PISH-E-AN-AY'-GAN, one of the variants of 

 PIJOONEGAN. This map, by the way, is wathout doubt a copy of that mentioned 

 by Lord Aberdeen on page 6 of the report above mentioned, as based on a survey of 

 the boundary line in the autumn of 1842. Thus it seems plain not only that 

 POHENEGAMOOK is merely a metamorphosis and transfer of PECHENEGA- 

 NOOK, the name of the River St. Francis, but that the aboriginal Indian name of the 

 lake was a wholly different word, which I hope to explain in detail later in this series. 



The local present-day usage of the name, as I learn from the postmaster of 

 the settlement of St. Eleuthère, situated on the shore of the lake, agrees Avith the 



