106 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 



in the place cited, that the word might be connected with words meaning CLEAR, or 

 RIVER, are obviously erroneous, for the roots of the word in conjunction with the 

 character of the place, give a different interpretation. The GUAPSK obviously 

 involves KAPSKW, meaning FALLS. As to SUBO, I find it part of a root meaning 

 SALT WATER in AbnakM. Thus Father Rale, in his Abnaki Dictionary, 437, gives 

 SSBÉK8 (that is SOOBAKW, in familiar sounds, or more briefly, SUBOKW), as 

 meaning eau salée (salt water) ; and presumal^ly the word has the same meaning in 

 Penobscot and Passamaquoddy, though I do not find it in this sense in Micmac. 

 Now a striking characteristic of these falls is this, that they fall directly into the 

 salt water which fills the basin at the head of tide at Saint George. Considering 

 this geographical peculiarity in conjunction with the construction of the word, I 

 think there is no doubt that SUBOQUAPSK is derived from, and an abbreviation of, 

 the roots SUBOKW-KAPSKW-K, meaning SALTWATER-FALLS-PLACE, being 

 named by the Passamaquoddy guides of the surveyors of the river. The name 

 can well be restored in the future in which case the form SUBOKOPSK would be 

 suitable. 



KAPSGOSISK. The name of the falls on Pembroke River, falling into Cobs- 

 cook Bay, according to S. A. Wilder, in the articles mentioned earlier on page 16. 

 The meaning is given as^LITTLE FALLS, which makes the origin of the word quite 

 clear. It is evidently KAPSKW, with the diminutive SIS, and the locative K. 



PAGOPSKEOK. A word already discussed on page 8; contains obviously 

 the same root, KAPSKW. 



KAPSKWEEKOOK. Given by Rand {Micmac-English Dicfionan/, 183), 

 mth the meaning THE WATERFALL, said to be of local applci^tion, i.e., applied 

 to any waterfall when specifically referring to it. The root KAPSKW meaning 

 FALL, is plain, as noted above, and so is the locacive OOK meaning PLACE; the 

 syllable EEK represents evidently the possessive A-WE, meaning ITS, though I do 

 not understand the K after E. 



Addendum. 



PENOBSCOT (page 100). As this paper is in press, I have had the pleasure 

 of discovering the following sentence, which I had previously overlooked, in God- 

 frey's valuable account of "The Ancient Penobscot or Panawanskek" in the 

 Collections of the Maine Historical Society, VII, 1870, 7, viz. "The Indians say 

 that it [Panawanskek] means 'it opens or widens upon the rocks'." This, as shown 

 above, agrees exactly, as to the principal roots, with the conclusion which I had 

 reached quite independently. Godfrey thinks that the village of Panawanskek 

 stood at the head of tide, (near Eddington above Bangor), not ac Oldtown, and 

 that the opening or widening on the rocks describes the great bowlders and ledges 

 there exposed when the tide is out; but it does not seem to me that his evidence 

 upon either point will bear comparison with that which points to Oldtown as the 

 site, and the widening of the river there as the "opening" described. 



