76 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
Wednesday, 18th.—Light snow this morning—fine weather after- 
wards. Proceed on our journey at + past 5 a.m. Reach the head of the 
Dalles! by 3 p.m. Experienced very little difficulty in ascending them. 
Only required to haul up with the line at two of the strongest points. 
An Indian overtakes us on foot with a letter from Fort Colville. Encamp 
at 4 past 6, 8 miles above the Dalles.’ 
19th.—We had a fall of snow last night—fine weather to-day. 
Continue our journey at + before 5. Pole and paddle all day. Use the 
line only 3 times. Encamp a short distance below McGillivray’s River.* 
Country very mountainous and many hills covered apparently with 
perpetual snow. 
20th.—Hard frost in the morning—day fine. Proceed at 5 a.m. 
Ascend several Rapids. Enter the first Lake‘ at 8 o’clock and take 
breakfast. Afterwards hoist sail with a light breeze. Continue sailing 
all day and encamp at the end of the Lake at 7 p.m. An Indian comes 
to our camp with a few fish (Suckers and Tidubee)* and a small piece of 
cabris which we exchange for a piece of dried meat. 
21st, Saturday.—Fine weather, but wind strong ahead. Embark 
at 5a.m. Pass the narrows and continue up the River to the entrance 
of the 2nd lakef where we encamp at 7 a.m. Our track this day, with 
the exception of a short narrow of about 1 mile, may all be said to be 
Lake way, comparing it with what we really called the Lakes—generally 

1 Not to be confounded with the Dalles on the lower Columbia nor the Dalles des 
Morts above. These are the Little Dalles, about three miles below the present town 
of Northport, Wash. and about twelve miles from the International boundary. 
They are “the narrowest part of the Columbia river for full one thousand miles. 
It is here contracted into a passage of 150 yards by lofty rocks on each side, through 
which it rushes with tremendous violence, forming whirlpools in its passage capable 
of engulphing the largest forest trees’? (Kane, Wanderings in North America, 323). 
? Camped above present Northport, Wash.; about 5 miles from International 
Boundary. 
3 He camped near present town of Trail, B.C., His McGillivray river is the 
present Kootenay river. It was named by Thompson after William McGillivray, 
one of the partners of the North West Co. McGillivray returned to Scotland before 
the union with the Hudson’s Bay Co. and died ca. 1825. Fort William, Ont. was 
also named after him. The Kootenay was also called Flatbow river after the Flat- 
bows, a band of the Blackfeet. 
4 Lower Arrow lake. This lake and Upper Arrow lake are expansions of the 
Columbia, which is navigable from Revelstoke to Trail, though steamers only ply 
between Robson and Arrowhead, 130 miles. 
5 Tullibee; a species of whitefish (Coregonus tullibee) of the Great lakes and the 
waters of the Canadian Northwest; the mongrel whitefish. 
6 Upper Arrow lake. Father De Smet says that these lakes are so named because 
‘the Indians when they ascended the lakes had a custom of lodging each an arrow 
in the crevices of a rock on the border of the lakes.’ 
