[ERMATINGER] YORK FACTORY EXPRESS JOURNAL (it 
not more than 1 mile wide. Passed several camps of Indians in course 
of the day and traded 7 pairs of Pas d’ours! for our journey across the 
mountains—gave for them 2 scalpers, 13 ball and powders, and some dried 
salmon. Country still mountainous and covered with snow on the hills. 
Sunday, 22nd.—Fine weather. Start at 4 a.m. Paddle thro’ the 
2nd Lake. Re-enter the river at 4 p.m.—find Indians encamped here. 
Trade from them a little bears meat and a pair of snow shoes for ammu- 
nition and tobacco. Proceed up the River 6 or 7 miles and encamp?— 
4 past 6. 
23rd.—Fine weather. Resume our journey at + past 4 a.m.—find 
the River till toward evening very good and the current slack. We then 
enter a narrow® banked on each side by rugged rocks and ascend a 
succession of strong rapidst at the head of one of which we encamp, 
having before us a short piece of smooth current, 7 p.m. The banks of 
the river nearly the whole way we came to-day are still covered with 
deep snow as well as the woods. In the morning we saw an Indian 
woman and children from whom we traded about 40 Tidubee® (or a 
small species of white fish and suckers) for a little amm.fand dried salmon. 
Tuesday, 24th.—Toward evening commences raining and continues 
all night. Proceed at 5 a.m. The part of the River we have this day 
passed is full of Rapids and strong current with occasional pieces of 
smooth current—in mounting the Rapids we sometimes used the Line 
but more frequently the poles. Encamp at a} past 7 p.m. Sawa 
beaver to-day, but our gun being out of order he escaped. 
Wednesday, 25th.—Thick fog in the morning—fine day. Start at 
+ past 5 a.m. Course of the river very rapid. Take breakfast at the 
foot of the Rapid below the Dalles des Morts? Carry all our baggage 

‘Snowshoes; literally, “bear’s paws’’; the voyageur name for snowshoes that 
were rounded at both ends. 
? They encamped six or seven miles above the present town of Arrowhead, B.C. 
5 They were a short distance above Revelstoke. 
* Probably the Little Dalles—the third rapid of this name that he has ascended. 
Kane calls it the “ Upper Little Dalles, a very long and rapid shoot of three or fous 
miles.” 
5 Tullibee. 
5 Ammunition. 
7 As its name indicates—a dangerous rapid, particularly at high water. It is 43 
miles above the town of Revelstoke and about three miles above the mouth of Downie 
creek. Kane says that the name -commemorates the death of two men, a half-breed 
and a French Canadian. Having lost their canoe, with all their provisions in it, in 
this rapid, they endeavoured to descend the river. The half-breed, fearing that his 
starving companions would kill him, left them and was never heard of again. The 
Iroquois killed the French Canadian and thus saved his own life. When rescued, 
his crime was discovered and he was sent to a distant post in New Caledonia. 
Douglas says that it takes its name from a “ tragical occurrence”? when nine persons 
out of ten, lost their lives. 
