90 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
Sunday, 10th.—Overcast—wind strong ahead. Leave Cumberland 
at 5a.m. Continue pulling all day. Encamp at 8 p.m. 
Monday, 11th.—Rain all last night. Ceases about 7 a.m. Start 
at 5 o’clock. Breakfast at the Pas! Find several freemen here. 
Receive... ?from them. Continue till 4 past 8 p.m. and encamp at 
Muddy Lake Find our other boats here. Leave one. 
- Tuesday, 12th.—Hoist sail with a fair wind at 3 a.m., breeze 
freshens, reach the lower end of Cedar Lake* by 1 o’clock, breakfast— 
resume at 4 past two. Proceed thro’ narrows and across Cross Lake’— 
then down the River to the Grand Rapids.6 Boats run down full 
cargoes. One breaks upon the rocks. Cargo wet. Find J. Spencer,’ 
Esq., encamped at the lower end, with 2 boats. He has been detained 
here 9 days—the ice in Lake Winnipeg not permitting him to proceed. 
Encamp. Set a net. 
Wednesday, 13th.—Fine weather. Wind Easterly. Mr Spencer 
sets off with his two boats early this morning. People employed here 
unpacking and drying furs—procure 25 sturgeon, part traded from 
Indians and part killed by our men. 
Thursday, 14th.—The weather became very boisterous during last 
night. We had thunder and lightening with very heavy rain which 
continues all this morning, latterly it turned to snow. Wind N. W. 
blowing very hard. Obtain from Indians 15 Sturgeon and 2 of our 
Iroquois killed 5. In the evening the wind having moderated, we push 
off at 9 p.m. and row in the Lake® all night—pass several times thro’ 
loose floating ice. 


1 An outpost of Cumberland district, below Saskeram lake at mouth of Pasquia 
river; the present terminus of a branch of the Canadian Northern Railway and the 
initial point of the Canadian Government railway to Hudson bay. 
? Undecipherable. 
3 An expansion of the Saskatchewan, a few miles above Cedar lake. 
* An expansion of the Saskatchewan, 30 miles long and 15 miles wide. So called 
because there is a forest of cedars at this point, the only one north of the southern 
portion of lake Winnipeg. The cedar is found on the ridge between Cedar and 
Winnipegosis lakes extending thence eastward toward Long joint in Lake 
Winnipeg. 
5 Cross lake is also an expansion of the Saskatchewan; so called because its 
greatest dimension is from north to south and it, therefore, is “ crossed”’ by the canoe 
route instead of being traversed from end to end. 
5 Near the mouth of the Saskatchewan; the river falls 71 feet in five miles, 
most of which is concentrated in the middle two miles. In these two miles the river 
has cut a deep, narrow gorge in the limestone. The Hudson’s Bay Co. has con- 
structed a tramway here to facilitate the transport of goods and furs. 
7 John Spencer; he signed the deed poll of 1821 as a Chief Trader; in 1834, he 
was a retired C.T. 
5 Lake Winnipeg. 
