148 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
never presumed or surmised.’”’ “He tells exactly what he knows.” 
“He is disinclined to conjecture.” “He takes little stock of probabili- 
ties but tries to get at the facts.” “He gave clear-cut information.” 
Some of the reasons given were of a mixed nature, requiring classi- 
fication under more than one requisite. Illustrative instances of these 
mixed cases are to be found in the following replies, the particular 
requisites as they occur in each being indicated by the numbers 
bracketed in the course of the answer :— 
“He is a careful (1) man who hesitates (ii) before speaking.” 
“It depends not altogether on his honesty (11) but also on his ability 
().” “He was simple (iv) and hearty (ii)” “I was impressed by his 
simplicity (iv) and directness (v) in giving his views.” “In my business 
the mixing of colors for dyeing is necessary, and it is one of the most 
difficult things to tell in advance whether the shade is exactly right. 
The man was skilled in this work (i) and after carefully examining the 
mixture (i, 11) he would say that the color was ‘a little (iv) too dark,’ ‘too 
light,’ ‘too brown’ or ‘too olive,’ as the case might be. Sometimes I 
tested him by suggesting a contrary opinion, but he would not swerve 
from his first statement (ii) which he would repeat quietly (iv) in 
exactly the same words (ii). He stuck to his statement (ii) because 
he knew he was right (v).” 
Other reasons voluntarily given were peculiar in this respect that, 
though they cited but one characteristic, this single characteristic 
requires classification under more than one requisite. Thus the answer, 
“He makes his statements without fear,” requires classification under 
the second, third and fourth requisites because it requires fearlessness 
in statements to inform a hearer exactly according to his interest in a 
matter (ii) where unpleasant information must be given to one’s superior, 
especially if thereby his resentment will be aroused against the person 
giving the information; it also requires fearlessness in statement to be 
impartial (ii) if an impartial statement will sustain the case of a weaker 
individual against a stronger, especially if the stronger individual is 
stronger also than the person who must make the statement; and it 
requires fearlessness to make a well poised statement (iv) in a moment 
of peril. The briefer but more comprehensive answer, “ He is a fearless 
man,” requires classification also under the second, third and fourth 
requisites for the same reasons as are above given, and under the first 
requisite as well because it requires courage to make the thorough 
investigation which may be necessary for right discernment in a matter 
if the matter be a dangerous one and of such a nature that the investiga- 
tion must bring the investigator into jeopardy. Again, the answer, 
~ “Tf one word sums it all up, it is unselfishness,’”’ has a wider significance 
