[GANONG] INDIAN PLACE-NOMENCLATURE 187 
Another explanation was given me by my correspondent, Mr. Michael Flinne 
aforementioned, who says the word means A STRONG IN-FLOWING TIDE 
THROUGH A NARROW GULLY. At first sight this seems a different explana- 
tion from the one I have given, but I think it is simply a somewhat elaborate para- 
phrase of exactly the same idea, and really confirmatory of it,—the two ideas of 
the stream being tidal, and narrow like a river (not wide like an arm of a bay) being 
emphasized. 
Still another explanation is involved in a curious error in Rand’s Micmac- 
English Dictionary (70), where he gives KESEBOOKWAK, “the name of the river 
between Mirimichi and Richebucto,’? meaning A RIVER WHOSE CHANNEL 
NARROWS AND WIDENS, while on page 183 he repeats the word with the mean- 
ing COMING TOGETHER IN NARROW PLACES. The use of the K in this case 
shows that Rand, who had no personal knowledge of the geography of the east coast 
of New Brunswick, and makes many such slips in his works, thought that KESE- 
BOOKWAK and PIJEBOOGWEK were two separate rivers, instead of two forms 
of the name of the same place. The roots he had in mind as an explanation of 
KESEBOOKWAK were doubtless KWES, found in words signifying POINT or 
HEADLAND (Mi mac-English Dictionary, 84) and POOGWAK, meaning A NAR- 
ROW PLACE IN A RIVER (op. cit., 142). 
Summary. The name KOUCHIBOUGUAC is a corruption, partially through 
the French, of the Micmac Indian PIJ-E-" OOG-WEK’, meaning LONG TIDEWAY 
(RIVER), or better, RIVER OF THE LONG TIDEW AY, in description of the length 
of its tidal estuary. KOUCHIBOUGUACIS is the same word with the addition 
of a suffix siznifying LITTLE, making it mean LITTLE KOUCHIBOUGUAC. 
B. The Kouchibouguac of Westmorland County, New Brunswick. 
This little river of southeastern New Brunswick, flowing northward into 
Northumberland Strait between Shediac and Baie Verte, has a name identical in 
spelling and pronunciation with that of the much larger river of Kent County, fifty 
miles distant, just considered. 
The earliest use I have been able to find of the word is on a plan of this region, 
of 1810, by the skilled surveyor Watson, the same already mentioned under the other 
Kouchibouguac; and on this plan the word has the present spelling. The next use 
I find is in one of the Land Memorials preserved at Frederiction, of date 1821, where 
it has the form KISSEBEQUICK. The first printed map to show it is Baillie and 
Kendall’s of 1831, where it has the form KOUCHIBOUGUAS, evidently a misprint 
for KOUCHIBOUGUAC, and as evidently adopted from Watson’s official and 
excellent plan; and this form has naturally been followed by all other maps of the 
Province down to the present. 
In seeking explanation of the word, one naturally assumes at first that it is 
identical in origin, as well as in form, with the Kouchibouguac of Kent County. But 
against this view is one weighty fact, which I know from personal observation of the 
place, supplemented by local inquiry, viz., the tideway of this river is relatively 
short,—not over from three to four miles in length at the utmost. Furthermore, and 
of even more importance from the present point of view, its tideway is actually 
shorter than that of another river so close beside it that the two have an identical 
outlet into the sea, viz., the Aboushagan, whose tideway is at least a full mile longer. 
This latter fact would render the name “River of the Long Tideway”’ wholly 
inappropriate, and inapplicable from the Indian point of view, to this Kouchibouguac 
