[GANONG] INDIAN PLACE-NOMENCLATURE 193 
with the diminutive sufix CHICH meaning LITTLE. The word therefore would be 
in full WIN-E-BOOGWEK-CHICH, meaning LITTLE ROUGH TIDEWAY 
(RIVER), or better, LITTLE RIVER OF THE ROUGH TIDEWAY. I do not 
know the place, and hence cannot explain its full significance of the name, which reads 
as though descriptive of a tideway exposing many rocks at low water,—perhaps in 
the tidal part of Salmon River. 
APSIBOOGW ECHK, the Micmac name of Port le Bear, (i.e., L’ Hebert) Nova 
Scotia, given by Rand as APSIBOOGWECHK, meaning LITTLE RIVER (Reader, 
97). The roots are plain. APSI is the word for LITTLE in the sense of LESSER, as 
fully explained under the word Upsalquitch (these Transactions, V, 1911, ii, 189), 
while BOOKWECHK means TIDEWAY in the diminutive sense. The word would 
therefore read in full APSI BOOGWEK-CHICH, meaning LITTLE TIDEWAY 
RIVER. I do not know the place, but judging from the maps, the name would 
appear to be connected with the fact that this port, though elongated like a river, 
has no river, but only some insignificant brooks, entering its upper end. 
Anagance. 
LOCATION AND APPLICATION.—The name of a small stream in southeastern New 
Brunswick, flowing into the Petitcodiac River at its westernmost bend from the 
southwest; also the name of a minor railroad station in the vicinity. It is pro- 
nounced exactly as spelled, with the accent on the first syllable. 
History or THE Worp.—The earliest use of the word I have found occurs on 
an undated plan of about 1800 in the Crown Land Office at Fredericton, where it 
has the present spelling. This was adopted on Bonnor’s fine map of New Brunswick 
of 1820, and was followed by others and in various documents later, bringing the 
name down in the original form to the present, though with occasional variation to 
Annagance. 
ANALYSIS OF THE Worp.—The Indians now living in New Brunswick, both 
Maliseets and Miemaes, all recognize the word, and give both its aboriginal form and 
meaning without the least question. I have obtained it from a Micmac in the form 
OON-E-GAN-SOOK, and from a Maliseet as OO-NEE-GUNS'-IK (quoting my 
notes.) The same word is given by Rand as OONEGUNSUK (Reader, 95); Edward 
Jack, another good authority on Indian subjects, gives the Maliseet name as WE- 
NÉ-GOU-SECK, (French 6) an obvious misprint for WE-NE-GON-SECK (Journal 
of American Folk Lore, VIII, 1895, 205), while M. Chamberlain, likewise a high 
authority in these matters, gives it as WE-NA-KAN’-SEK (Maliseet Vocabulary, 58). 
The differences between these spellings represent not so much a difference of pro- 
nunciation by the different Indians as the different ways we students try to reproduce 
the sounds, which do not correspond exactly with those of our English letters, but 
lie between. There is, therefore, no question at all as to its aboriginal form, which 
may best be represented as OO-NE-GAN'-SEK, the OO being sounded as in WOOD, 
with the preliminary W scarcely audible, and the NE as in NEGRO. 
The meaning of the word is equally certain. Allagree that it means PORTAGE, 
which confirms the obvious testimony of its roots. The word OO-NE’-GAN is the 
universally-used Maliseet Indian word for PORTAGE, “any Portage,” as Newell 
Paul, my best Maliseet informant once told me, though the Miemacs also use the 
same word, OONEGUN’, as Rand writes it (Ænglish-Micmac Dictionary, 201). 
Precisely the same word is used by the Penobscot and Abnaki (Kennebec) Indians, 
