[GARVER] POLYMERIZATION OF LIQUID SUBSTANCES 105 
1-7 X 60. Hence the molecular weight of the liquid may be consider- 
ably over twice the molecular weight of the normal vapour. 
We may next consider water at its boiling point. The data re- 
quired are’ li=-637 X 4-2) x 10’ ergs — 2255 X< 10’ and 

2 1,650 
lv l iG 
Were aio cto J © vise Se roe DAR a 
m Vv Vv Wi. 
1 1,043 
SRE — 537 — 300) 257 calories: 
To find x or the ratio n,/n, we may take the residual energy 2E, as 
100 Cal. greater than at 0°. The most probable value at 0° was 216 
eal. Therefore we may assume 316 from which we get from 
Bi Es — 0 | — ule ae em — 1-75, a value which should 
E, 316 316 
be compared with the mean or most probable value at 0°, 2-1, showing, 
as should be expected, a considerable decrease. 
It is evident that to interpret the value of the excess heat, H in 
terms of molecular change, some clue as to the value of the residual 
energy 2K, is necessary, or at least some experimental grounds for an 
assumption. In the case of water the evidence seems to be convincingly 
strong against the possibility that the molecular weight of liquid water 
can reach a value as great as 3 X 18!. If the present molecular theory 
is confirmed by further investigation and experience, then at least we 

may rely on the value r == —as indicating a degree of polymerization if 

r > 1, for if there were no polymerization the ratio should be unity. 
To emphasize this point, this ratio for as many of the Ramsay and 
Shields’ standard liquids as data can be found for, will be computed and 
exhibited separately. In addition data can be found for a few acids, 
4 Dis. : 
alcohols and esters for which the value of r = —will be appended in a 
table. 
The formula 
. <== =r DEN) 50 | A p À 
Log W = -6570 + log (273 + t) + log log — — log m 
OP Ù 

‘ Unless a very curious and interesting hypothesis is tenable. If the molecular 
weight of liquid water at O°C is taken to be H, O, as found by R. and S. it makes the 
residual molecular energy just 80 calories. If we assume that the kinetic energy of 
solids is entirely atomic as compared with the molecular energy of fluids, we are led 
to a confirmation of the result found by Ramsay and Shields. Other indications 
based on kinetie considerations seem to confirm this low value for the residual 
molecular kinetie energy of liquid water at O°C. 
Sec. III., 1912. 8 
