106 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
giving W directly in calories and requiring only an oridnary 4 — place 
table of logarithms, is convenient for use in the actual computing. 
The first five of the following six substances are all included in those 
assumed to be non-associated and which were used as standards or 
norms in their extensive and valuable work above referred to. No data 
are available for their sixth.substance, chlorbenzene. Carbon bisulphide 
which they also find to be normal, or non-associated, is substituted in 
its place. 
















| Pp | Calories | 
Substance — |Temp.| | L 
m — mol. wt. (4 t | Heat | Work | Diff. |r— —|(k0-2) 
L W | L-W W 
-695 | 
ina nos, 35 | 90 | 44-3 | 45-7 | 2.03 | 1-97 
RTE NE ER | 
Methyl] formate........... -955 | | | : 
aie ED ST tak UD — 5024) 31-8 | 110 | 60-4 | 49-6 | 1-82 | 1-84 
| 
BENZENE. 2. 2. ea 3 PP EVENT TE | 2 
i AN RE ENS PA 0027 80 | 98-5 | 51-3 |.42-2 | 1-827) 1-90 
ithyP acetate: en VESSIE =. le) ee eee al | 
MR ad eee ee Ae ee 0032! 927.) 43-9 | 43765) 2-1 20s 
Carbon tetrachloride....... | 1-594 Hie fees ee ee 
Peer EP Vien ee omen ae -0008 20 | 51-1 | 28-6 | 22-5 | 1-79 | 1-91 
i 1-48) _ ; CAR 
ao 0055 44-3 | 25-1 | 19-2 | 1:76 | 1-91 
Carbon bisulphide......... | 1-26 ue | et ANR 
TS ened, 00124 20 88 | 52-9 | 35-1 | 1-66 | 1-82 
MATE DU QU ler ce BE Rs ei! | 
a FE Ps | 
rhe present criterion, r = = indicates that all these substances 
contain a large proportion of complex molecules. Ramsay and Shields’ 
criterion, k was assumed to be normal when it had the value 2-12. 
Their value of k for the five substances, each diminished by -2, is shown 
in the last column. The two sets or criteria, after deducting the con- 
stant difference, do not differ from each other as much as they differ 
among themselves. 
It is hardly possible that this peculiar agreement can be purely 
fortuitous. It seems much more probable that the observed agree- 
ments and differences arise from the accidental variations in the dif- 
ferent estimates of the same qualities. For such they are, k is the ratio 
of two energies and r is the ratio of two energies; and both are deduced, 
although from different viewpoints, with the same value as the ulti- 
mate expectation. Both ratios, however, remain to be interpreted, 
Neither gives the polymerization directly. The surface-tension is a 
function of the density; and the density, in a given substance, is in part, 
