LIV THE ROYAL SOGIELY OF CANADA 
world. I am thinking and speaking to-night not of material ad- 
vantages, but of the effect of these forms of education on the general 
intelligence of our people. Pre-vocational education no doubt 
makes the workman more efficient, but it also makes his subsequent 
occupation a species of post-graduate career with educational op- 
portunities. The effect of this is to make a man see more in his 
calling, and to be more happy and contented in it,—to give a more 
thoughtful cast to his mind. The effect will be to keep the farmer 
on the farm, not because he cannot get away from it, but because 
his education has broadened and deepened his interest in his pro- 
fession, and afforded him a variety of thought quite equal to that 
which a town life could supply. 
I proceed to consider, in a hasty way, I confess, the extent to 
which technical and agricultural instruction has been introduced 
into our various provinces. Both forms of education have received 
a certain development throughout the Dominion though giving evi- 
dences of recent initiation. In both cases provincial legislative 
enactment has been fairly general. Technical education has naturally 
received most consideration in those sections where manufacturing 
and mining are carried on; agricultural education is promoted in 
those places where agriculture seenlé destined always to remain the 
chief occupation of the people: the former seems somewhat sporadic 
and wanting in organization though two splendid illustrations of inter- 
est in it are found in Toronto and Montreal; the latter seems very 
wide-spread and public interest in it better mobilized; the former 
makes its earliest appearance in manual training; the latter in nature 
study, school and home gardens, and school fairs. 
I reserve for subsequent consideration reference to experimental 
agricultural stations which belong to the field of scientific research. 
In Prince Edward Island pre-vocational training is confined to 
short courses in agriculture conducted by the Department of Agri- 
culture. There is a Director of Agricultural Instruction. Three 
hundred teachers out of a total of five hundred and ninety-five were 
paid bonuses in 1914-15 to encourage the furtherance of the work. 
Last year a course of two weeks was held in Charlottetown with an 
enrolled attendance of 220. There was a longer course extending 
over four months with a smaller attendance. While there is a branch 
experimental farm there is not in the Island an agricultural college. 
In 1907 the Legislature of Nova Scotia passed the Act creating 
the Technical College of Nova Scotia and providing for the establish- 
ment of local technical schools. Schools of instruction for miners 
had been provided for under the Act of 1900. The Rural Science 
School is affiliated with the Provincial Normal and Agricultural 
