APPENDIX A LXVII 
been worked out by our experimental farms in the vast problem of 
scientific agriculture. We can claim that at least in this form of re- 
search Canada is not parasitic. 
BIOLOGICAL BOARD OF CANADA 
Possibly next in importance to the work of the Experimental 
Farms, as a branch of scientific research, come the investigations 
prosecuted under the direction of the Biological Board of Canada. 
The name of the Board suggests that ultimately its research may 
be pursued in many different directions, but up to the present its 
work has been confined to our marine fisheries, its stations being 
at St. Andrews on the Bay of Fundy and at Departure Bay in British 
Columbia, with several sub-stations. These investigations are neces- 
sarily slow and may extend over a period of years before definite 
conclusions in important. lines of enquiry are reached. From time 
to time valuable monographs have been published embodying the 
results of the work so far as it has progressed. The enquiry concerns 
the breeding, culture, development, food, habits, diseases and environ- 
ment of the halibut, herring, shad, haddock, salmon, cod, oyster, 
lobster, etc. These investigations of course, in addition to their 
purely scientific interest, are of vast economic importance, the fisheries 
of Canada aggregating in value $30,000,000 annually. I draw 
attention, however, to the work of the Board as an example of the 
earnest prosecution of important scientific research in Canada; 
to enter into details illustrative of the problems whose solution is 
being attempted would involve technicalities foreign, to the purposes 
of this address. | 
GENERAL SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 
In speaking of the intellectual status and needs of Canada I have 
endeavoured to distinguish between educational influences affecting 
the general intelligence of the people and contributions made by 
literary and scientific men to the non-material assets of mankind; 
_ and I have directed attention to the work of the Experimental Farms 
and of the Biological Board as illustrative of the latter. Research 
is also pursued with enthusiasm and success by many of the pro- 
fessors in Canadian universities; and their work has won for them dis- 
tinction and applause in lands beyond their own. But research is 
engrossing, and flourishes best under an undivided attention; and I 
know of no Canadian professor whose time is not chiefly taken up with’ 
teaching. The Ph.D. degree is supposed to be a reward for original 
work, for extending the bounds of knowledge; but the candidates 
