[DRUMMOND] : THE CANADIAN SNOWSHOE 313 
well turned up. It has one cross-bar in the heel-spacing and three in 
the toe, and it is ornamented with tufts of wool. 
Number 5 is a Chipewyan snowshoe from Fond du Lac, 374 
inches long and 8 inches wide, right and left but not markedly so and 
well turned up. It shows an extra cross-bar in the toe-spacing and 
also a twisted rawhide thong. The Chipewyans are Athabaskans but 
the shoe in common use has conformed to the Western Cree type. 
The Carriers of Stuart Lake, British Columbia are also Athabaskans, 
According to Father Morice they have four kinds of snowshoes. 
KHE LA PAS, (rounded mocassin). The same type as the 
Algonkian snowshoe in plate 4. 
LET’LU. (stitched together). The pointed Western Cree type, 
which was introduced about 40 years ago and came into common 
use. 
AIH ZA. (snowshoe only). The typical Athabaskan shoe. 
SESKHE. (black bear foot). Oval willow frame, single cross 
bar, and rough netting. 
Number 6 is a Sioux snowshoe from an unknown locality. It is 
33 inches long, 84 inches wide and it has two cross-bars in the toe 
space. It conforms to the usual Western Cree standard. 
It might be stated that this Western Cree snowshoe is the best 
type made, and this is evidenced by the large area over which it is 
in use, practically westward from Winnipeg to the interior of British 
Columbia and north almost to the Arctic Ocean. It has largely 
replaced the Athabaskan types east of the Rocky Mountains, especially 
where these people lived along the Hudson’s Bay Company trade routes 
to the far north, as in the case of the Chipewyans, Carriers and other 
Athabaskan tribes. It is used in the interior of British Columbia by 
the Fort George Indians (Athabaskans) where the snowshoe is much 
turned up in the front so that the point strikes the shin at each step. 
In the spring-time when travelling in wet snow, these Indians are 
said to re-string the foot netting in the evening to keep it tight. This 
shoe is especially suited for walking on crusted snow. 
The type of snowshoe used by the Eastern Woodland Indians is 
represented by plate 4, an Ojibwa Algonkian type. Figures 1, 2, 3 
and 4 represent the common forms. They are flat shoes of the one- 
piece frame type with 2 cross-bars and a hardwood frame. They 
are bent into a wide shape with a long trailer. The bend in front 
varies, and it is said to be somewhat distinctive as to locality. They 
- are neatly made and often ornamented with tufts of wool and coloured 
cloth, and also by working patterns into the webbing, as in figure 
number 1, which is 45 inches long by 21 inches in width. Specimen 
number 2 is 40 inches by 173 inches, and number 3 is 36 inches long 
