314 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
by 145 inches wide. Numbers 1, 2 and 3 belong to various clubs 
and private collections in Montreal. Number 4 belongs to the 
Varden collection of the United States National Museum. The size 
is not given but in form it is narrower than the other varieties. It is 
a very old snowshoe and has several peculiarities, but the main char- 
acteristics are the same. 
Numbers 1 and 4 would appear to represent extremes in this 
type and gradations between are well represented by numerous 
examples which are not figured in the plate. Number 5 is a Huron 
Snowshoe from Lorette, Quebec. It is 35 inches long by 16 inches 
wide and is perhaps a modern shoe. It.is somewhat peculiar in shape 
and is possibly a transition between the Ojibwa and Montagnais 
snowshoe. 
The Montagnais and Naskapi Indians of Quebec and Labrador 
Peninsula have snowshoes peculiar to themselves as shown in plate 
5. There are 5 varieties, namely the Beaver tail, the Swallow tail, 
the two-bar oval, and the single-bar oval, (1) with the bar in front 
. (2) with the bar in the middle under the foot. Number 1 is the Beaver- 
tail type, the example is 27 inches long and 26 inches wide. Figures 
2 and 2a show examples of the Swallow-tail variety, number 2 is 36 
inches long and 213 wide, number 2a is 373 inches long and 20 inches 
wide. Figure 3 shows the oval two-bar variety, the example being 24 
inches long and 17 inches wide. In this particular example a rawhide 
covering has been put on at the sides of the foot-spacing to protect 
the attachment to the frame. In the wider varieties of these snow- 
shoes the cross-bars are curved. Figures 4 and 5 represent the single- 
bar variety, number 5 being the common form. Figure 4 has no toe- 
hole and the attachment to the foot is made by thongs through the 
eyelet holes. These latter two specimens are taken from the eleventh 
Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology. 
All of these Eastern Woodland types are flat and wide with a 
good bearing surface suitable for travelling on the soft snow of the 
woods. They are usually very neatly made and are also symetrical. 
Various rough types of snowshoes are given in plate 1. Figures 
1, 2 and 3 are called Emergency Snowshoes and are interesting as 
examples of what. can be done with the available material at hand 
when caught in the woods in a sudden snowstorm. Number 1 is 
made from a slab of bark stiffened and strengthened by sewing a 
willow frame around the edge with withy thongs. It is 30 inches 
long and 10 inches wide. Number 2 is made by bending a sapling 
frame into the ordinary trailer form and filling in with netting made 
from withy thongs. It is 303 inches long and 11 inches wide. The 
