10 THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 
use in compounding his rations according to his available feeds and the 
requirements of his several animals. The intelligent stock feeder and 
dairyman no longer feeds in a haphazard manner whatever there 
happens to be at hand, but, using the tables of data giving the com- 
position and digestibility of fodders and feeding stuffs, he is able to 
supplement in correct amounts his home grown fodders with various 
so-called “‘concentrates”’ rich in protein and fat, thus balancing the 
ration. In this way he may obtain results in flesh and milk production 
far exceeding in point of economy and profit anything that might be 
possible from haphazard feeding. Modern, up-to-date farming 
then is directly benefiting in this important branch of the industry 
from scientific investigation of the most profound character, investi- 
gations calling for and necessitating the deepest, broadest knowledge 
of chemistry, physiology and allied sciences as well as the employ- 
ment of elaborate apparatus. 
In the control of injurious insects and fungous diseases which 
attack crops the entomologist and the mycologist have in recent years, 
by studying life histories and devising methods for the extermination 
of these pests, done a great service for agriculture. The orchardist 
and fruit grower of the day avails himself of these discoveries, indeed, 
we may say that not only are hundreds of thousands of dollars saved 
yearly by the employment of insecticides and fungicides, but that 
in many parts of the Dominion, without these means of control, 
profitable fruit growing would be impossible. In all this investigatory 
work the chemist, as may be readily understood, has his part; indeed, 
there are few lines of research in which chemistry does not play an 
important part, directly and indirectly. 
These are but a few instances, briefly outlined, of the application 
of science to agricultural problems, given to illustrate the practical 
advantages that accrue from scientific investigational work. It 
would be impossible in this address even to epitomize the many phases 
of this work or to enumerate the benefits that have arisen therefrom, 
but they may serve to impress upon you that the progress agriculture 
has made in recent times is directly the outcome and product of 
research. 
The Improvement of the Practice of Agriculture in Canada through 
Education, Demonstration and Research 
A review of the field of work carried on by Governments for the 
improvement of agriculture show that such work may be readily 
arranged or classed under one or other of the three following headings: 
educational, demonstrational and investigational. These are three 
distinct phases and yet in certain of their features are closely related 
and interdependent. 
